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¿µ¹®¹ýÀÇ ±âº» Çʼö»çÇ×À» ¿ä¾àÁ¤¸®ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀº °­Àdzª º°µµ±³Àç·Î ÀÍÇôÁÖ¼¼¿ä.

ÇöóÅ俵¹®¹ý

1.BEµ¿»ç  /  2.ÀϹݵ¿»ç  /  3.Á¶µ¿»ç  /  4.½ÃÁ¦  /  5.¸í»ç  /  6.°ü»ç  /  7.´ë¸í»ç  /  8.Çü¿ë»ç  /  9.ºÎ»ç  /  10.ºñ±³  /  11.Á¢¼Ó»ç  /  12.Àǹ®ºÎ»ç  / 13.ÀüÄ¡»ç  /  14.ºÎÁ¤»ç  /  15.µ¿¸í»ç  /  16.ºÐ»ç  /  17.¼öµ¿Å  /  18.°ü°è´ë¸í»ç  /  19.°ü°èºÎ»ç  /  20.°¡Á¤¹ý  /  21.°­Á¶¿Íºñ±³  / ¹®ÀåÀÇ Çü½Ä  / 

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CH1 BE µ¿»ç

1. Beµ¿»çÀÇ ÇüÅÂ

beµ¿»çÀÇ ÇöÀçÇüÀº ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ÀÎĪ°ú ¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó am, are, isÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¾²ÀδÙ.
am, isÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀº wasÀÌ°í areÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀº wereÀÌ´Ù.

(1) 1ÀÎĪ (³ª, ¿ì¸®)
´Ü¼ö: I am / I was |º¹¼ö: We are / We were

(2) 2ÀÎĪ (³Ê, ³ÊÈñµé)
´Ü¼ö : You are / You were |º¹¼ö: You are / You were

(3) 3ÀÎĪ (Á¦ 3ÀÚ)
´Ü¼ö: He is, She is, It is / He was, She was, It was |º¹¼ö: They are / They were

 

2. beµ¿»çÀÇ ÀǹÌ

(1)¡¸~ÀÌ´Ù¡¹ÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì : I am a doctor. (³ª´Â ÀÇ»çÀÌ´Ù.)

(2) (Àå¼Ò³ª ¶§¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»ç(±¸)¿Í ÇÔ²²)¡¸~ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¡¹ÀÇ ÀǹÌ
Where are you? (´ç½ÅÀº ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?)

(3)¡¸~ÀÌ µÇ´Ù¡¹ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ÀÏÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
He will be 13 years old next month. (±×´Â ´ÙÀ½ ´Þ¿¡ 13»ìÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)

3. beµ¿»çÀÇ Àǹ®¹®

(1) beµ¿»çÀÇ Àǹ®¹®Àº¡¸Beµ¿»ç+ÁÖ¾î ~?¡¹ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¾²¸ç, ±× ´ë´äÀº beµ¿»ç·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
Are you a doctor? (´ç½ÅÀº ÀÇ»çÀԴϱî?) - Yes, I am.

(2) Àǹ®»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Â Àǹ®¹®ÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â¡¸Àǹ®»ç+beµ¿»ç+ÁÖ¾î ~?¡¹ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¾´´Ù.
Who is that man? (Àú »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸ÀԴϱî?)

4. beµ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü

¢Ñ am, isÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀº was / areÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀº were

I am brave. ¡æ I was brave. / We are brave ¡æ We were brave.
³ª´Â ¿ë°¨ÇÏ´Ù. ³ª´Â ¿ë°¨Çß´Ù. / ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ë°¨ÇÏ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ë°¨Çß´Ù.

You are brave. ¡æ You were brave. / He is brave. ¡æ He was brave.
³Ê´Â ¿ë°¨ÇÏ´Ù. ³Ê´Â ¿ë°¨Çß´Ù. / ±×´Â ¿ë°¨ÇÏ´Ù. ±×´Â ¿ë°¨Çß´Ù.

5. There is / are ±¸¹®

(1) ¡°There +be +¸í»ç¡±´Â ¡°¡­°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¡±ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î there´Â ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
ex) There are many people in the amusement park.

(2) beµ¿»ç µÚÀÇ ¸í»ç°¡ Á־ µÈ´Ù.

There is +´Ü¼ö¸í»ç/ There are +º¹¼ö¸í»ç

ex) There is a picture on the wall.
ex) There are two pictures on the wall.

6. There are + º¹¼ö¸í»ç / There were + º¹¼ö¸í»ç

- There are + º¹¼ö¸í»ç (~µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù) : ÇöÀç / There were + º¹¼ö¸í»ç (~µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù) : °ú°Å

There are books on the table. ŹÀÚ À§¿¡ Ã¥µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
There were books on the table. ŹÀÚ À§¿¡ Ã¥µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

7. there is(are) ~ ÀÇ Àǹ®¹®

¢Ñ there is(are) ~ ÀÇ Àǹ®¹®Àº Is(Are) there ~?
¢Ñ °ú°ÅÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù.

There is a book on the table. ¡æ Is there a book on the table?
ŹÀÚ À§¿¡ Ã¥ÀÌ ÇÑ ±Ç ÀÖ´Ù. ¡æ ŹÀÚ À§¿¡ Ã¥ÀÌ ÇÑ ±Ç ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

8. Is(Are) there ~?ÀÇ ´äº¯

¢Ñ Is(Are) there ~?¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äº¯Àº ±àÁ¤ÀÏ °æ¿ì Yes, there is(are).
¢Ñ ºÎÁ¤ÀÏ °æ¿ì No, there isn't(aren't).·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

Is there a book on the table? ¡æ Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
ŹÀÚ À§¿¡ Ã¥ÀÌ ÇÑ ±Ç ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? / ³×, ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. / ¾Æ´Ï¿À, ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

 

CH2. ÀϹݵ¿»ç

1. ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ÇöÀçÇü

(1) ¡°¡­´Â´Ù¡± ¶Ç´Â ¡°¤¤´Ù¡±·Î Çؼ®µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸»

ex) ÀϹݵ¿»ç: go, run, live, eat, have, read...
cf) Çü¿ë»ç: pretty, fast, small, cute, hungry, thin..(¡°¡­´Â´Ù¡± ¶Ç´Â ¡°¤¤´Ù¡±·Î Çؼ®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½)

(2) ¡°¡­ÇÑ´Ù¡±ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î µÚ¿¡ ¸í»ç³ª ºÎ»ç°¡ ¿Â´Ù.

ex) He sings very well.
ex) We plays soccer after school. s Áö¿ï °Í

(3) ¡°¡­ÀÌ´Ù¡±ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÁÖ µå¹°°Ô Çü¿ë»ç¿Í °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.
ex) You look tired.

(4) Á־ 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö(3´Ü)ÀÏ ¶§ ¹Ù·Î µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ÀϹݵ¿»ç¿£ ¡°s¡±¸¦ ºÙ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ex) I run fast. ¡æ He runs fast.
ex) You play soccer. ¡æ Tom plays soccer.

(5) ¡°es¡±°¡ ºÙ´Â °æ¿ì

¨ç µ¿»çÀÇ ³¡ÀÌ ¡°s, x, sh, ch, o¡±·Î ³¡³ª´Â °æ¿ì ex) I pass the ball. ¡æ He passes the ball.

¨è µ¿»ç°¡ ¡°ÀÚÀ½ +y¡±ÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â ¡°y¸¦ i·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í es¡±
ex) I study English. ¡æ Jim studies English.
cf) I play soccer. ¡æ Jim plays soccer. ¿¹¿Ü) have ¡æ has

2. ÀÏ¹Ý µ¿»çÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹® (ÇöÀç)

¢Ñ ÀϹݵ¿»ç ÇöÀçÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­´Â do(does)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ ÁÖ¾î + do(does) + not + ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ¿øÇü ~ (Á־ 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÀÏ °æ¿ì does)
I like you. ¡æ I don't like you. / She likes you. ¡æ She doesn't like you.

3. ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹® (°ú°Å)

¢Ñ ÀϹݵ¿»ç °ú°ÅÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­´Â did¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ ÁÖ¾î + did + not + ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ¿øÇü ~

I went there. ¡æ I didn't go there.
He went there. ¡æ He didn't go there.

4. ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ Àǹ®¹® (ÇöÀç)

¢Ñ ÀϹݵ¿»ç ÇöÀçÀÇ Àǹ®¹®Àº Do(Does) + ÁÖ¾î + ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ¿øÇü ~?
¢Ñ Á־ 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÀÏ °æ¿ì Does¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

You like it. ¡æ Do you like it? / He likes it. ¡æ Does he like it?

5. ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ Àǹ®¹® (°ú°Å)

¢Ñ ÀϹݵ¿»ç °ú°ÅÀÇ Àǹ®¹®Àº Did + ÁÖ¾î + ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ¿øÇü ~?

You arrived late. ¡æ Did you arrive late?
He arrived late. ¡æ Did he arrive late?
They arrived late. ¡æ Did they arrive late?

 

6. ÀϹݵ¿»ç Àǹ®¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äº¯

¢Ñ Do(Does)µ¿»ç Àǹ®¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äº¯Àº ±àÁ¤ÀÏ °æ¿ì Yes, ÁÖ¾î + do(does).
ºÎÁ¤ÀÏ °æ¿ì No, ÁÖ¾î + do(does) not.

Do you like it? ¡æ Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Does he like it? ¡æ Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
¢Ñ ºÎÁ¤¹®ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äº¯.
Did you arrive late? ¡æ Yes, I did. / No, I did not. (No, I didn't.)
Did he arrive late? ¡æ Yes, he did. / No, he did not. (No, he didn't.)

 

7. ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ º¯È­

¢Ñ ÇöÀç, °ú°Å, °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ´Ù¸§
do- did / see- saw / lie- lay / swim- swam / sing- sang /grow- grew / know- knew / fly- flew /
fall- fell / drink- drank/ begin- began / write- wrote / take- took / speak- spoke/hide- hid /
drive- drove / go- went

¢Ñ °ú°Å¿Í °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ °°Àº °æ¿ì
say- said / sleep- slept / hear- heard / sell- sold / catch- caught/fight- fought / think- thought /
tell- told / keep- kept / buy- bought /teach- taught / send- sent / bring- brought / build- built /
meet- met /spend- spent / have- had

¢Ñ ÇöÀç¿Í °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ °°Àº °æ¿ì
come- came / become- became / run- ran
¢Ñ ÇöÀç, °ú°Å, °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ ¸ðµÎ °°Àº °æ¿ì
set- set / cut- cut / hit- hit / put- put /read- read / spread- spread / shut- shut

 

CH3. Á¶µ¿»ç

1. Á¶µ¿»ç(ð¾ÔÑÞò)ÀÇ ±âº»°³³ä

(1) Á¶µ¿»ç´Â ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÚ¸®ÇØ µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â µ¿»ç¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â Á¶¼öÀÌ´Ù
ex) I do it.(³­ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.) ¡æ I can do it.(³­ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)

(2) 2°³ÀÇ Á¶µ¿»ç¸¦ ÇÔ²² ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø°í 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö°¡ ¿Íµµ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ex) He will can do it. (X) Tom cans swim. (X)

(3) Á¶µ¿»ç µÚ¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¡°µ¿»ç¿øÇü¡±ÀÌ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) Tom studies English. ¡æ Tom will study English.
Mary is smart. ¡æ Mary must be smart.

2. do / will / would

(1) do
¨ç ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹®°ú Àǹ®¹®
ex) A: Do you like cats? B: No, I don't
¨è ±àÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­ µ¿»ç °­Á¶
ex) I like you. ¡æ I do like you. (=really)

(2) will
¨ç ¡­ÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù(¹Ì·¡= be going to)
ex) What will you do tonight? = What are you going to do tonight?
¨è ¡­ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ÀÇÁö)
ex) I will do it for you.

(3) would
¨ç °ø¼ÕÇÑ ºÎŹ (=could)
ex) Will you do me a favor? < Would you do me a favor?
¨è °ú°Å¿¡¼­ º» ¹Ì·¡ (½ÃÁ¦ÀÏÄ¡)
ex) I know (that) he will come. ¡æ I knew (that) he would come.

3. may / can / could

(1) may
¨ç Çã°¡ : ¡­Çصµ ÁÁ´Ù (=can)
ex) May I help you? = Can I help you?
¨è ÃßÃø : ¡­ÀÏÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù
ex) He may be ill.

(2) can
¨ç ´É·Â : ¡­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (=be able to)
ex) He can swim. = He is able to swim.
¨è Çã°¡ : ¡­Çصµ ÁÁ´Ù
ex) A: Can I swim here? B: Yes, you can.
¨é °ú°Å : could = was/were able to ³ÖÀ» °Í
¹Ì·¡ : will be able to
ex) He can swim well. ¡æ He will be able to swim well soon.

(3) could
¨ç canÀÇ °ú°Å
ex) I could swim when young, but I can't now.
¨è °ø¼ÕÇÑ ºÎŹ (=would)
ex) Could you give me a hand?

4. must / should

(1) must
¨ç ´çÀ§ : ¡­Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù (=should = have to = ought to)
ex) He must get up early. = He has to get up early.

¨è ÃßÃø : ¡­ÀÓ¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø´Ù
ex) He must be ill.

¨é °ú°Å : had to
¹Ì·¡ : will have to
ºÎÁ¤ : must not (¡­Çؼ± ¾È µÈ´Ù)
don't have to = don't need to = need not (¡­ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù)
ex) You must come now. ¡æ You had to come yesterday.
ex) You must come now. ¡æ You will have to come tomorrow.
ex) A: Must I go now?
B: No, you don't have to.

(2) should
¨ç Àǹ«, °­ÇÑ ±ÇÀ¯: ¡­Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) You should keep your school rules. (=must =ought to =have to)
ex) You should eat breakfast more often. (=had better)

¨è ºÎÁ¤ : should not / ought not to
ex) You shouldn't run around in a restaurant. (=had better not)
ex) You ought not to eat fast food.

 

CH4. ½Ã Á¦

1. ÇöÀç½ÃÁ¦
1-1. ÇöÀçÁøÇàÇü

(1) ¡°be+µ¿»ç¿øÇü-ing¡±ÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÇöÀç ¾î¶² µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ½À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °Í
(¡­ÇÏ´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù)
ex) It rains. ¡æ It is raining. (ºñ°¡ ¿À´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù.)
They play soccer. ¡æ They are playing soccer. (±×µéÀº Ã౸¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù.)

(2) ÁøÇàÇüÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ±ÔÄ¢
¨ç ´ë°³ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¡°be+µ¿»ç¿øÇü-ing¡±
ex) go ¡æ going / eat ¡æ eating / study ¡æ studying
¨è ¡°ÀÚÀ½ +e¡±·Î ³¡³­ ´Ü¾îÀÇ °æ¿ì ¹¬À½(Ùùëå)ÀÎ e¸¦ Áö¿ì°í -ing
ex) make ¡æ making / hide ¡æ hiding / change ¡æ changing
¨é ¡°´Ü¸ðÀ½ + ´ÜÀÚÀ½¡±ÀÏ ¶§, °°Àº ÀÚÀ½À» Çϳª ´õ ¾²°í -ing
ex) run ¡æ running / cut ¡æ cutting / swim ¡æ swimming
¨ê ¡°-ie¡±·Î ³¡³¯ ¶§, ie¸¦ y·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í -ing
ex) lie ¡æ lying / die ¡æ dying

1-2. ÇöÀçÁøÇàÀÇ Æ¯Â¡

(1) ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡±î¿î ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ex) He is coming now. (ÇöÀçÁøÇà - ±×´Â Áö±Ý ¿À´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù.)
He is coming tomorrow. (°¡±î¿î ¹Ì·¡ - ±×´Â ³»ÀÏ ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)

(2) Á¸Àç(be), ¼ÒÀ¯(have), °¨Á¤(like) µî ¾î¶² »óÅ°¡ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â µ¿»ç´Â ÁøÇàÇüÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
ex) I am a boy. ¡æ I am being a boy.(¡¿)
ex) I have a book. ¡æ I am have a book.(¡¿)
cf) I have lunch. ¡æ I am having lunch.(O) (Àǹ̰¡ ¹Ù²ð °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¡´É)

1-3. °ú°ÅÁøÇà°ú ¹Ì·¡ÁøÇà

(1) °ú°ÅÁøÇà: beµ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü+µ¿»ç¿øÇü-ing (¡­ÇÏ´Â ÁßÀ̾ú´Ù.)
*am, isÀÇ °ú°Å=was / areÀÇ °ú°Å=were
ex) He was reading a book.
ex) A: What were you doing? B: I was washing the dishes.

(2) ¹Ì·¡ÁøÇà: will+ beµ¿»ç +µ¿»ç¿øÇü-ing (¡­ÇÏ´Â ÁßÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
ex) She will be helping the sick children.
ex) A: What will you be doing then? B: I will be writing a letter.

¡Ø ²À ¾Ï±âÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÇ ºÎ»ç
last weekend(Áö³­ ÁÖ¸»), this weekend(À̹ø ÁÖ¸»), next weekend(´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¸»)
yesterday(¾îÁ¦), today (¿À´Ã), tonight(¿À´Ã¹ã), tomorrow(³»ÀÏ)
then(=at that time) (±×¶§), those days (±× ´ç½Ã¿¡), these days (¿äÁò¿¡)
later (³ªÁß¿¡), in the future (¹Ì·¡¿¡), soon (°ð)

2. °ú°Å½ÃÁ¦

2-1. ±ÔÄ¢º¯È­

(1) ¿ì¸®¸»¿¡¼­ ¡°°£´Ù¡±°¡ ¡°°¬´Ù¡±, ¡°¸Ô´Â´Ù¡±°¡ ¡°¸Ô¾ú´Ù¡±°¡ µÇ´Â °Íó·³ ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­µµ °ú°Å(¡­Çß´Ù)¸¦
Ç¥ÇöÇϱâ À§Çؼ± µ¿»ç¿øÇü µÚ¿¡ ¡°-ed¡±¸¦ ºÙÀÌ¸é µÈ´Ù.
ex) play(³í´Ù) ¡æ played(³î¾Ò´Ù) / open(¿¬´Ù) ¡æ opened(¿­¾ú´Ù)

(2) ³¡ÀÌ ¡°-e¡±ÀÎ µ¿»ç´Â ¹Ýº¹À» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¡°-d¡±¸¸ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) love(»ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù) ¡æ loved(»ç¶ûÇß´Ù) / like(ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù) ¡æ liked(ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù)

(3) ¡°ÀÚÀ½ +y¡±·Î ³¡³­ µ¿»ç´Â ¡°y¸¦ i¡±·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í -ed¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) study(°øºÎÇÑ´Ù) ¡æ studied(°øºÎÇß´Ù) / worry(°ÆÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù) ¡æ worried(°ÆÁ¤Çß´Ù)

(4) ¡°´Ü¸ðÀ½ +´ÜÀÚÀ½¡±À¸·Î ³¡³­ µ¿»ç´Â °°Àº ÀÚÀ½À» ÇÑ ¹ø ´õ ¾²°í ed¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) stop(±×¸¸µÐ´Ù) ¡æ stopped(±×¸¸µÎ¾ú´Ù) / trip(³Ñ¾îÁö´Ù) ¡æ tripped(³Ñ¾îÁ³´Ù)

2-2. ºÒ±ÔÄ¢º¯È­

(1) Á¤ÇØÁø ±ÔÄ¢ ¾øÀÌ ¹«Áú¼­ÇÏ°Ô º¯ÇÏ´Â µ¿»çµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) I do the dishes for mom. ¡æ I did the dishes for mom yesterday.

(2) beµ¿»çÀÇ °æ¿ì am°ú is´Â was·Î, are´Â were·Î ¹Ù²ï´Ù.
ex) I'm fourteen years old, but I was thirteen years old last year.
ex) They were in the same class, and they are in the same class this year.

3. ¹Ì·¡½ÃÁ¦

(1) ¡°will+µ¿»ç¿øÇü¡±À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ÀϾ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀ» ÇÏ´Â °Í
ex) I am fourteen now and I will be fifteen next year.(¿­´Ù¼¸ »ìÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)

(2) ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î °èȹµÈ ¹Ì·¡¿£ ¡°be going to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü¡±À» ¾´´Ù.
ex) I am going to visit my grandma this weekend. (À̹ø ÁÖ¸»¿¡ ¹æ¹® ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
ex) I will visit America someday. (¾ðÁ¨°¡ ¹æ¹®ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)

¡Ø ´ÙÀ½ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»çÇ¥¸¦ ²À ¿Ü¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
A - A - A
cost - cost - cost (ºñ¿ëÀÌ µé´Ù)
cut - cut - cut (ÀÚ¸£´Ù)
hit - hit - hit (Ä¡´Ù)
hurt - hurt - hurt (ÇØÄ¡´Ù)
let - let - let (½ÃÅ°´Ù)
put - put - put (³õ´Ù)
set - set - set (³õ´Ù)
shut - shut - shut (´Ý´Ù)
read - read - read

A - B - B
build - built - built (Áþ´Ù)
burn - burnt - burnt (Å¿ì´Ù)
feel - felt - felt (´À³¢´Ù)
keep - kept - kept (ÁöÅ°´Ù)
sleep - slept - slept (Àáµé´Ù)
mean - meant - meant (ÀǹÌÇÏ´Ù)
lend - lent - lent (ºô·ÁÁÖ´Ù)
lose - lost - lost (ÀÒ´Ù)
spend - spent - spent (¼ÒºñÇÏ´Ù)
catch - caught - caught (Àâ´Ù)
teach - taught - taught (°¡¸£Ä¡´Ù)
buy - bought - bought (»ç´Ù)
bring - brought - brought (°¡Á®¿À´Ù)
think - thought - thought (»ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù)
fight - fought - fought (½Î¿ì´Ù)
leave - left - left (¶°³ª´Ù)
sit - sat - sat (¾É´Ù)
get - got - got (¾ò´Ù)
meet - met - met (¸¸³ª´Ù)
shoot - shot - shot (½î´Ù)
win - won - won (À̱â´Ù)

find - found - found (¹ß°ßÇÏ´Ù)
hold - held - held (Áã´Ù)
lead - led - led (À̲ø´Ù)
make - made - made (¸¸µé´Ù)
sell - sold - sold (ÆÈ´Ù)
tell - told - told (¸»ÇÏ´Ù)
pay - paid - paid (ÁöºÒÇÏ´Ù)
hear - heard - heard (µè´Ù)
stand - stood - stood (¼­´Ù)
say - said - said (¸»ÇÏ´Ù)

A - B - C
draw - drew - drawn (±×¸®´Ù)
fly - flew - flown (³¯´Ù)
grow - grew - grown (ÀÚ¶ó´Ù)
throw - threw - thrown (´øÁö´Ù)
know - knew - known (¾Ë´Ù)
write - wrote - written (¾²´Ù)
ride - rode - ridden (Ÿ´Ù)
rise - rose - risen (¶ß´Ù)
drive - drove - driven (¿îÀüÇÏ´Ù)
break - broke - broken (±ú¶ß¸®´Ù)
speak - spoke - spoken (¸»ÇÏ´Ù)
wear - wore - worn (ÀÔ´Ù)
take - took - taken (°¡Á®°¡´Ù)
shake - shook - shaken (Èçµé´Ù)
eat - ate - eaten (¸Ô´Ù)
give - gave - given (ÁÖ´Ù)
fall - fell - fallen (¶³¾îÁö´Ù)
go - went - gone
hide - hid - hidden (°¨Ãß´Ù)
see - saw - seen (º¸´Ù)
lie - lay - lain (´¯´Ù)

am -was - been
is - was - been
are - were - been

(will) would (shall) should
(can) could (may) might

i(ÀÌ) - a(¾Ö) - u(¾î)
begin - began - begun (½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù)
ring - rang - rung (¿ï¸®´Ù)
sing - sang - sung (³ë·¡ÇÏ´Ù)
swim - swam - swum (¼ö¿µÇÏ´Ù)
drink - drank - drunken (¸¶½Ã´Ù)
come - came - come (¿À´Ù)
run - ran - run (¶Ù´Ù)
do - did - done (ÇÏ´Ù)

 

CH 5. ¸í »ç

1. ¸í»ç(Ù£Þò)ÀÇ °³³ä°ú ¼ºÁú

(1) »ç¶÷À̳ª »ç¹° µîÀÇ À̸§À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸»
ex) desk, water, family, Mr. Brown, love...

(2) ¡°Àº, ´Â, ÀÌ, °¡¡±¶ó´Â ÁÖ°ÝÀº ÁÖ¾î ÀÚ¸®¿¡, ¡°À», ¸¦¡±À̶ó´Â ¸ñÀû°ÝÀº ¸ñÀû¾î ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) Mary has a cute cat. (ÁÖ°Ý: Mary´Â ±Í¿©¿î °í¾çÀ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.)

(3) ¡°¡­ÀÇ¡±¶ó´Â ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀº »ý¹°ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¡°'s¡±¸¦, ¹«»ý¹°ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¡°of¡±¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
ex) Tom's book, the boy's name, girls' school, my parents' wish

2. ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç

(1) ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ »ç¹°À̳ª µ¿¹°ÀÇ À̸§À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸»·Î º¹¼öÇüÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
ex) a book - two books / a cat - two cats / one apple - two apples

(2) ´Ü¼ö¸¦ º¹¼ö·Î ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ý

¨ç ¸í»ç µÚ¿¡ ¡°¡­s¡±¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) book-books / boy-boys / cup-cups

¨è ¸í»çÀÇ ³¡ÀÌ ¡°s, x, sh, ch, o¡±·Î ³¡³µÀ» ¶© ¡°¡­es¡±¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) bus-buses / boxes / potato-potatoes ¿¹¿Ü : pianos / photos ³ÖÀ» °Í

¨é ¡°ÀÚÀ½+y¡±ÀÎ ¸í»ç´Â y¸¦ i·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í ¡°¡­es¡±¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) body-bodies / city-cities / diary-diaries

¨ê ¡°f(e)¡±·Î ³¡³­ ¸í»ç´Â f¸¦ v·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í ¡°¡­es¡±¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) leaf-leaves / knife-knives / scarf-scarves
¿¹¿Ü : roofs / safes(±Ý°í) ³ÖÀ» °Í

¨ë ´Ü¼ö¿Í º¹¼ö°¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÇüÅ´ ±×´ë·Î µÐ´Ù.
ex) deer-deer / fish-fish / sheep-sheep

¨ì ºÒ±ÔÄ¢À¸·Î º¯ÇÏ´Â ´ÙÀ½ ¸î °³´Â ¿Ü¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) man-men / woman-women / ox-oxen / child-children / mouse-mice /

3. ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç

(1) ¹°ÁúÀ̳ª Ãß»óÀû °³³ä ȤÀº °íÀ¯ÇÑ À̸§À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸»
ex) water, paper, money / beauty, happiness, love

(2) Çϳª»ÓÀÎ »ç¶÷À̳ª »ç¹°ÀÇ À̸§À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °íÀ¯¸í»ç´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) Korea, Jisung Park, Ms. Brown, Mt. Everest...

(3) º¸Åë¸í»ç¿Í ¹°Áú¸í»çÀÇ ±¸ºÐ

¨ç ¹°Áú¸í»ç´Â ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ÇüŸ¦ Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
ex) water, coffee, juice, milk...

¨è °¡°øµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿ø·¡ÀÇ »óÅÂÀ̰ųª Àüü¸¦ Æ÷°ýÇÏ´Â °³³äÀÌ´Ù.
ex) paper, coal, gold... / money, furniture, machinery... ³ÖÀ» °Í

¨é ¹ÝÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îµµ ÀüÇô ¼ºÁúÀÌ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ex) º¸Åë¸í»ç: bag / book / computer...
¹°Áú¸í»ç: butter / paper / water...

(4) °ú¸ñÀ̳ª ³ª¶ó À̸§ µî ÀϺΠ¸í»ç´Â º¹¼ö ÇüÅ¿©µµ ´Ü¼ö Ãë±ÞÇÑ´Ù.
ex) Mathematics is my favorite subject.
ex) The United States is a big country.

4. ¹°Áú¸í»çÀÇ ´ÜÀ§

(1) ¹°Áú¸í»ç´Â ¼¿ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) a cup of coffee(tea) ¡æ two cups of coffee(tea)
a glass of water(milk, juice) ¡æ three glasses of water(milk, juice)
a can of Coke / a bottle of juice / a carton of milk
a piece of paper(pizza, cake, furniture, advice, information)
a sheet of paper/ a bunch of flowers
a slice of cheese/ a loaf of bread
a tube of toothpaste

(2) ½ÖÀ¸·Î µÈ ¹°°ÇÀº ¡°a pair of¡±¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¾´´Ù.
ex) a pair of socks ¡æ two pairs of socks.
ex) shoes, sneakers, pants, trousers, scissors, chopsticks, glasses(¾È°æ)

5. ¸í»çÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý ¸¸µé±â

¢Ñ ´Ü¼ö¸í»ç µÚ¿¡´Â 's¸¦ ºÙÀÌ°í, -s·Î ³¡³ª´Â º¹¼ö¸í»ç µÚ¿¡´Â apostrophe(')¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
¢Ñ ³¡ÀÌ -s·Î ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â º¹¼ö¸í»ç´Â 's¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
Tom's book / dog's tail / my mother's car / girls' high school /children's future
ŽÀÇ Ã¥ / °³ÀÇ ²¿¸® / ¿ì¸® ¾ö¸¶ÀÇ Â÷ / ¿©ÀÚ °íµîÇб³(¿©°í) / ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ¹Ì·¡

¢Ñ ¹«»ý¹°Àº of¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ ½Ã°£, °Å¸®, ±Ý¾×, ¹«°Ô´Â 's¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ. -s·Î ³¡³ª´Â º¹¼ö¸í»çÀÇ °æ¿ì apostrophe(')¸¸ ºÙÀδÙ.
¢Ñ a/an, this, that, some, any + ¸í»ç + of + ¼ÒÀ¯´ë¸í»ç (ÀÌÁß¼ÒÀ¯°Ý)

the legs of the table /today's newspaper / an hour's walk / one dollar's worth / two hours' walk/ a friend of mine
ŹÀÚÀÇ ´Ù¸® / ¿À´ÃÀÇ ½Å¹® / ÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÇ »êÃ¥ / 1´Þ·¯ÀÇ °¡Ä¡ / µÎ ½Ã°£ÀÇ »êÃ¥ / ³» Ä£±¸ ÇÑ ¸í

 

CH 6. °ü »ç

1. ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç (a / an)

(1) ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í»çÀÇ ´Ü¼ö ¾Õ¿¡ ¾²¿© ±× ¸í»ç°¡ ¡°Á¤ÇØÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº Çϳª¡±ÀÇ ¶æÀ» °®µµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ´Â ¸» ex) I want a book. (³­ ¾Æ¹« Ã¥À̵ç ÇÑ ±ÇÀ» ¿øÇÑ´Ù.)

(2) ¹ßÀ½ÀÌ ÀÚÀ½À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î ¾Õ¿¡¼± a¸¦ ¾²°í ¸ðÀ½À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î ¾Õ¿¡¼± anÀ» ¾´´Ù.
(¸ðÀ½ : a, e, i, o, u ) ex) a box, a uniform, an apple, an egg, an hour

(3) ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç³ª º¹¼öÀÏ ¶© ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
ex) a water(X), a paper(X), a boys(X)

(4) ¡°¡­¿¡¡±(=per)ÀÇ ¶æÀ» °®±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) I exercise three times a week.

2. Á¤°ü»ç (the)

(1) ¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¾²¿© ±× ¸í»ç°¡ ¡°ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÇØÁ® ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×°Í¡±ÀÇ ¶æÀ» °®µµ·Ï ÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¸»
ex) I want the book. (³­ ¹Ù·Î ±× Ã¥À» ¿øÇÑ´Ù.)

(2) ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¤°ü»ç the¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì
ex) The girl at the bus stop is my friend. (¼ö½Ä¾î±¸°¡ ²Ù¹Ð ¶§)
ex) the sun, the moon, the earth (À¯ÀÏÇÑ »ç¹° ¾Õ)
ex) I bought a book yesterday, but I lost the book. (Áߺ¹µÇ´Â ¸í»ç ¾Õ)
ex) Open the door. (¼­·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¹° ¾Õ)
ex) the first, the second, the third (¼ø¼­°¡ Á¤ÇØÁ® ÀÖ´Â ¼­¼ö ¾Õ)
ex) play the piano, play the violin (¾Ç±â ¾Õ)

(3) Á¤°ü»ç the¸¦ ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì
ex) breakfast, lunch, dinner... (½Ä»ç¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸»)
ex) soccer, basketball, Taegwando...(¿îµ¿°æ±â¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸»)
ex) Korea, London, Eric... (°íÀ¯¸í»ç ¾Õ)

(4) ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç a(an)¿Í Á¤°ü»ç theÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ
ex) Open a window. (â¹®ÀÌ ¿©·¯ °³ ÀÎ °æ¿ì)
Open the window. (â¹®ÀÌ ´Ü ÇÑ °³ ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì)

 

CH 7. ´ë ¸í »ç

1. ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»çÀÇ ÁÖ°Ý°ú ¸ñÀû°Ý

¢Ñ ÁÖ°ÝÀº ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î·Î, ¸ñÀû°ÝÀº ¸ñÀû¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

ÀΠĪ

¼ö / °Ý

ÁÖ °Ý

¸ñ Àû °Ý

1 ÀΠĪ

´Ü ¼ö

I (³ª´Â)

me (³ª¸¦, ³ª¿¡°Ô)

º¹ ¼ö

we (¿ì¸®´Â)

us (¿ì¸®¸¦, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô)

2 ÀΠĪ

´Ü ¼ö

you (³Ê´Â)

you (³Ê¸¦, ³Ê¿¡°Ô)

º¹ ¼ö

you (³ÊÈñµéÀº)

you (³ÊÈñµéÀ», ³ÊÈñµé¿¡°Ô)

3 ÀΠĪ

´Ü ¼ö (³² ¼º)

he (±×´Â)

him (±×¸¦, ±×¿¡°Ô)

´Ü ¼ö (¿© ¼º)

she (±×³à´Â)

her (±×³à¸¦, ±×³à¿¡°Ô)

º¹ ¼ö

they (±×µéÀº)

them (±×µéÀ», ±×µé¿¡°Ô)

ex) I love you. / You love me. / He loves her. / She loves him.
³ª´Â ³Ê¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù. / ³Ê´Â ³ª¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù. / ±×´Â ±×³à¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù. / ±×³à´Â ±×¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù.

 

2. ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»çÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý°ú ¼ÒÀ¯´ë¸í»ç

¢Ñ ¼ÒÀ¯´ë¸í»ç´Â [¼ÒÀ¯°Ý+¸í»ç]ÀÇ °³³äÀÌ´Ù.

ÀΠĪ

¼ö / °Ý

ÁÖ °Ý

¸ñ Àû °Ý

1 ÀΠĪ

´Ü ¼ö

my (³ªÀÇ)

mine (³ªÀÇ °Í)

º¹ ¼ö

our (¿ì¸®ÀÇ)

ours (¿ì¸®ÀÇ °Í)

2 ÀΠĪ

´Ü ¼ö

your (³ÊÀÇ)

yours (³ÊÀÇ °Í)

º¹ ¼ö

your (³ÊÈñµéÀÇ)

yours (³ÊÈñµéÀÇ °Í)

3 ÀΠĪ

´Ü ¼ö (³² ¼º)

his (±×ÀÇ)

his (±×ÀÇ °Í)

´Ü ¼ö (¿© ¼º)

her (±×³àÀÇ)

hers (±×³àÀÇ °Í)

º¹ ¼ö

their (±×µéÀÇ)

theirs (±×µéÀÇ °Í)

ex) This is my book. / This book is mine. /That is your book. / That book is yours.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ªÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù. / ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ³ªÀÇ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. / Àú°ÍÀº ³ÊÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù. / Àú Ã¥Àº ³ÊÀÇ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

3. ºñÀÎĪ it

¢Ñ ³¯¾¾, ³¯Â¥, ½Ã°£, ¿äÀÏ µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Ç¥Çö¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (Çؼ®Àº ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù)
¢Ñ ³¯¾¾ Ç¥Çö¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Çü¿ë»çµé (sunny ¸¼Àº, ȭâÇÑ / windy ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ºÎ´Â / snowy ´«ÀÌ ³»¸®´Â
rainy ºñ°¡ ¿À´Â / cloudy ±¸¸§ÀÌ ³¤ / foggy ¾È°³°¡ ³¤ / cold Ãß¿î / warm µû¶æÇÑ / cool ½Ã¿øÇÑ

It's hot today. / It's May 3rd. / It's ten o'clock. / It's Friday today.

4. Àç±Í´ë¸í»ç

¢Ñ °­Á¶ ¿ë¹ý (Á־ °­Á¶ÇÏ¸ç »ý·«Çصµ ¹®Àå¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù)
¢Ñ Àç±Í ¿ë¹ý (ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ÁÖ¾î Àڽſ¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â °æ¿ì)
¢Ñ by oneself Ȧ·Î / for oneself È¥ÀÚ ÈûÀ¸·Î / of itself ÀúÀý·Î
¢Ñ myself(³ª ÀÚ½Å), yourself (³Ê ÀÚ½Å), himself (±× ÀÚ½Å), herself (±×³à ÀÚ½Å), itself (±× ÀÚü, ±×°Í ÀÚü),
ourselves (¿ì¸®µé ÀÚ½Å), yourselves (³ÊÈñµé ÀÚ½Å), themselves (±×µé ÀÚ½Å)

I did it myself. / He did it himself. / : ³ª´Â Á÷Á¢ ±×°ÍÀ» Çß´Ù. / ±×´Â Á÷Á¢ ±×°ÍÀ» Çß´Ù.
She did it herself. : ±×³à´Â Á÷Á¢ ±×°ÍÀ» Çß´Ù.
She killed herself. /She went there by herself. :±×³à´Â ÀÚ»ìÇß´Ù. / ±×³à´Â Ȧ·Î ±×°÷¿¡ °¬´Ù.

5. Áö½Ã´ë¸í»ç

 

´Ü ¼ö

º¹ ¼ö

¿ë µµ

this (ÀÌ°Í / ÀÌ »ç¶÷)

these (À̰͵é / ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé)

°¡±î¿î °÷ÀÇ »ç¶÷, »ç¹°À» ÁöĪ

that (Àú°Í / Àú »ç¶÷)

those (Àú°Íµé / Àú »ç¶÷µé)

¸Õ °÷ÀÇ »ç¶÷, »ç¹°À» ÁöĪ

¡Ø this(these), that(those)°¡ Áö½ÃÇü¿ë»ç·Î »ç¿ëµÈ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â [this, that + ´Ü¼ö¸í»ç], [these, those + º¹¼ö¸í»ç]°¡ µÈ´Ù.
This is my book. / This is my father. : ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ªÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù. / À̺ÐÀº ¿ì¸® ¾Æ¹öÁö´Ù.
That is your book. / Those are your books. : Àú°ÍÀº ³ÊÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù. / Àú°ÍµéÀº ³ÊÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.
This book is interesting. (Áö½ÃÇü¿ë»ç) : ÀÌ Ã¥Àº Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Ù.

6. Àǹ®´ë¸í»ç

 

ÁÖ °Ý

¼Ò À¯ °Ý

¸ñ Àû °Ý

who (´©°¡)

whose (´©±¸ÀÇ °Í)

whom (´©±¸¸¦)

which (¾î´À °ÍÀÌ, ¾î´À ÂÊÀÌ)

-

which (¾î´À °ÍÀ», ¾î´À ÂÊÀ»)

what (¹«¾ùÀÌ)

-

what (¹«¾ùÀ»)

¢Ñ whose, which, whatÀº µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Àǹ®Çü¿ë»ç·Îµµ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

Who painted this picture? / Whose is this book? :´©°¡ ÀÌ ±×¸²À» ±×·È´Ï? / ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ´©±¸ÀÇ °ÍÀÌ´Ï?
Whom do you like best? : ³Ê´Â ´©±¸¸¦ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Ï?
Which of the two cars goes better? : ±× µÎ ´ëÀÇ ÀÚµ¿Â÷ Áß¿¡¼­ ¾î´À ÂÊÀÌ ´õ Àß ´Þ¸®´Ï?
Which do you prefer, this or that? : ÀÌ°Í°ú Àú°Í Áß ¾î´À °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁÀ¸´Ï?
What happened? /What do you mean by that? : ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀ̾ß? / ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¶æÀ̳Ä?

 

CH 8. Çü ¿ë »ç

1. Çü¿ë»çÀÇ ¿ë¹ý

(1) ÇÑÁ¤Àû ¿ë¹ý: µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½Ä
ex) a pretty girl / my little brother

(2) ¼­¼úÀû ¿ë¹ý: ¸í»ç µÚ¿¡¼­ º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÓ
ex) She is pretty. / I think him smart.
cf) "a"·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»ç´Â ¼­¼úÀûÀ¸·Î¸¸ ¾²ÀδÙ. afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake...

(3) ¡°the + Çü¿ë»ç¡± = º¹¼öº¸Åë¸í»ç
ex) the poor = poor people / the old = old people

2. Çü¿ë»çÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ¼ø¼­

(1) Áö½ÃÇü¿ë»ç: this, that, these, those...
¼ö·®Çü¿ë»ç: many, much, one, two...
ÀÇ°ßÇü¿ë»ç: big, small, delicious, cute, smart...
»ç½ÇÇü¿ë»ç: old, new, wooden, white, black...

(2) ¡°Áö½Ã?¼ö·® Çü¿ë»ç + ÀÇ°ßÇü¿ë»ç + »ç½ÇÇü¿ë»ç¡±ÀÇ ¼øÀ¸·Î ¾´´Ù.
ex) this pretty white cat

(3) ¡°-thing¡±À¸·Î ³¡³ª´Â ´ë¸í»çÀÇ °æ¿ì ¡°-thing + Çü¿ë»ç¡±ÀÇ ¼øÀÌ´Ù.
ex) something good, anything wrong, something special

3. many, much (¸¹Àº), most (´ëºÎºÐÀÇ)

(1) ¡°many + ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡± / ¡°much +¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç¡±
ex) many boys, many people / much water, much food

(2) ¡°a lot of = lots of¡±·Î many¿Í much¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) a lot of(=lots of) boys, a lot of(=lots of) water

(3) most = ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ, °¡Àå ¡­ÇÑ (the), almost = °ÅÀÇ
ex) Most people like summer better than winter.
ex) I like winter most.
ex) Almost all students have after-school activities.

4. a few, a little (¾à°£ÀÇ) / few, little (°ÅÀÇ ¡­¾ø´Â)

(1) ¡°a few + ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡± / ¡°a little + ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç¡±
ex) a few minutes, a few boys / a little water, a little money

(2) ¡°few +¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡± / ¡° little +¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç¡± (ÁغÎÁ¤)
ex) There are few boys in the room. / There is little water in the bottle.

5. some, any(¾à°£ÀÇ)

(1) some - ±àÁ¤¹®
ex) There are some boys in the room.

(2) any - ºÎÁ¤¹®, Àǹ®¹®, Á¶°Ç¹®
ex) There aren't any boys in the room.
ex) Is there any station around here?
ex) If you have any questions, just call me.

(3) some - Àǹ®¹®(±ÇÀ¯), any - ±àÁ¤¹®(°­Á¶: ¾î¶² ¡­¶óµµ)
ex) Would you like some more bread?
ex) Any child can solve the problem.

(3) ¡°not + any¡± = no (ÀüÇô ¡­¾Ê´Ù, ¾ø´Ù)
ex) There isn't any cup on the table. = There is no cup on the table.
I don't have any money. = I have no money.

6. all, every (¸ðµç) / both(µÑ ´Ù), each(°¢°¢ÀÇ)

(1) ¡°all +º¹¼ö¸í»ç(»ç¶÷), all +´Ü¼ö¸í»ç(»ç¹°)¡±
ex) All students must not miss the class.
ex) I spent all the money.

(2) ¡°every +´Ü¼ö¸í»ç¡±
ex) Every student should keep some rules in the library.

(3) ¡°Every +º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡± (¡­¸¶´Ù)
ex) every four years, every five days, every thirty minutes

(4) ¡°both +º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡±(¡­ µÑ ´Ù) / ¡°each +´Ü¼ö¸í»ç¡±(¡­ °¢°¢)
ex) on both sides of the bench / on each side of the bench

7. ¼ö »ç

(1) ±â¼ö¿Í ¼­¼ö

񃬔

¼­¼ö

1

one

first

11

eleven

eleventh

21

twenty-one

twenty-first

2

two

second

12

twelve

twelfth

30

thirty

thirtieth

3

three

third

13

thirteen

thirteenth

40

forty

fortieth

4

four

fourth

14

fourteen

fourteenth

50

fifty

fiftieth

5

five

fifth

15

fifteen

fifteenth

60

sixty

sixtieth

6

six

sixth

16

sixteen

sixteenth

70

seventy

seventieth

7

seven

seventh

17

seventeen

seventeenth

80

eighty

eightieth

8

eight

eighth

18

eighteen

eighteenth

90

ninety

ninetieth

9

nine

ninth

19

nineteen

nineteenth

100

hundred

hundredth

10

ten

tenth

20

twenty

twentieth

1000

thousand

thousandth

cf) 1st=first, 2nd=second, 3rd=third, 4th=fourth, 5th=fifth...

(2) ¼ö Àбâ¿Í ¾²±â

¨ç Á¤¼ö: 43=forty-three, 100=one hundred, 379= three hundred (and) seventy-nine
¨è ºÐ¼ö: 1/2=one second(=a half), 1/4=one fourth(a quarter), 3/4=three fourths
¨é ¼Ò¼ö: 0.45=zero point four five, 72.356=seventy-two point three five six
¨ê ½Ã°¢: 2:00=two o'clock, 2:15=two fifteen(=fifteen past two=fifteen after two=a quarter past two)
2:30=two thirty(=half past two)
2:45=two forty-five(fifteen to three=fifteen before three=a quarter to two)
¨ë ¿ùÀÏ: 4¿ù 5ÀÏ=April 5=April (the) fifth=the fifth of April
¨ì ¿¬µµ: 2010=two thousand and ten, 2025=two thousand and twenty-five
¨í ±âŸ: ¢Î 650-0567=six five ou(zero)-ou five six seven
World War ¥±=World War Two=the second World War

[Âü°í] Korea(Çѱ¹) - Korean(Çѱ¹ÀÇ, Çѱ¹¾î, Çѱ¹ÀÎ)
* America - American, Australia - Australian, Italy - Italian, Germany - German
* England - English, Sweden- Swedish, Spain - Spanish
* China - Chinese, Japan - Japanese
* France - French
¿µ±¹»ç¶÷À» Englishman, ½º¿þµ§»ç¶÷À» Swede, ½ºÆäÀλç¶÷À» Spaniard, ÇÁ¶û½º»ç¶÷À» FrenchmanÀ¸·Îµµ ¾´´Ù.

CH 9. ºÎ »ç

1. ºÎ»çÀÇ ÇüÅÂ

(1) ´ë°³ ¡°Çü¿ë»ç +ly¡±ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ °®´Â´Ù.
ex) quiet-quietly, wise-wisely, esay-easily, true-truly (ºÎ»ç) cf) ¡°¸í»ç+ly¡± = Çü¿ë»ç
lovely(»ç¶û½º·¯¿î), friendly(Ä£±ÙÇÑ), daily(¸ÅÀÏÀÇ), likely(±×·² µíÇÑ),lonely(¿Ü·Î¿î), costly(ºñ½Ñ)

(2) ¡°Çü¿ë»ç + ly¡±ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁö´Â ºÎ»ç
ex) hard-hardly(°ÅÀÇ¡­¾Ê´Ù), high-highly(¸Å¿ì), late-lately(ÃÖ±Ù¿¡), near-nearly(°ÅÀÇ),
rare-rarely(°ÅÀÇ¡­¾Ê´Ù), large-largely(ÁÖ·Î), most-mostly(ÁÖ·Î)

(3) Çü¿ë»ç¿Í °°Àº ÇüÅÂÀÇ ºÎ»ç
ex) early(À̸¥, ÀÏÂï), fast(ºü¸¥, »¡¸®), hard(´Ü´ÜÇÑ, ¿­½ÉÈ÷), high(³ôÀº, ³ôÀÌ)
late(´ÊÀº, ´Ê°Ô), long(±ä, ¿À·¡)

(4) µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¶æÀ» °®´Â ºÎ»ç
ex) too(¶ÇÇÑ, ³Ê¹«), about(¾à, ¡­Âë -ºÎ»ç, ¡­¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© - ÀüÄ¡»ç)
around(¾à, ¡­Âë - ºÎ»ç, ¡­ ÁÖº¯¿¡ - ÀüÄ¡»ç), only (¿ÀÁ÷ ¡­»Ó - ºÎ»ç, À¯ÀÏÇÑ - Çü¿ë»ç)

2. ºÎ»çÀÇ ¿ë¹ý

(1) µ¿»ç, Çü¿ë»ç, ´Ù¸¥ ºÎ»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù.
ex) He runs fast. (µ¿»ç runs ¼ö½Ä)
ex) He is very cute. (Çü¿ë»ç cute ¼ö½Ä)
ex) He studies very hard. (ºÎ»ç hard ¼ö½Ä)
cf) He is a good singer.(Çü¿ë»ç) = He sings well.(ºÎ»ç)

(2) Àå¼Ò, ¹æ¹ý, ½Ã°£ µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¡°ÀüÄ¡»ç+¸í»ç¡±´Â ÁÖ·Î ºÎ»ç±¸°¡ µÈ´Ù.
ex) Farmers worked hard in the forest yesterday. (1Çü½Ä) (ºÎ»ç: ºÎ»ç±¸: ºÎ»ç)
ex) The sun rises in the east early in the morning. (1Çü½Ä) (ºÎ»ç±¸: ºÎ»ç: ºÎ»ç±¸)

3. ºÎ»çÀÇ ¼ø¼­

(1) ¡°Àå¼Ò+¹æ¹ý+½Ã°£¡± ȤÀº ¡°¹æ¹ý+Àå¼Ò+½Ã°£¡±ÀÇ ¼ø¼­ÀÌ°í ¡°ÂªÀº ½Ã°£+±ä ½Ã°£¡± ¡°Á¼Àº Àå¼Ò+³ÐÀºÀå¼Ò¡±ÀÇ ¼ø¼­·Î ¿Â´Ù.
ex) I met him late in the afternoon. I live in Seoul, Korea.
(ªÀº ½Ã°£) (±ä ½Ã°£) (Á¼Àº Àå¼Ò) (³ÐÀº Àå¼Ò)
ex) I went to Busan by train yesterday.
(Àå¼Ò) (¹æ¹ý) (½Ã°£)
He studied hard at school yesterday.
(¹æ¹ý) (Àå¼Ò) (½Ã°£)

(2) so´Â ¡°ºÎ»ç+Çü¿ë»ç+a(n) +¸í»ç¡±ÀÇ ¼ø¼­·Î ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
(so + Çü +a(n) + ¸í = such + a(n) + Çü +¸í)
ex) She is so pretty a girl. = She is such a pretty girl.
ex) They are so pretty girls. (X)

(3) ¡°µ¿»ç + ´ë¸í»ç + ºÎ»ç¡±ÀÇ ¼ø¼­·Î ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
´Ü, ¸í»çÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¡°µ¿»ç + ¸í»ç + ºÎ»ç¡±¿Í ¡°µ¿»ç + ºÎ»ç + ¸í»ç¡±°¡ ¸ðµÎ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
ex) May I try on it? (X) ¡æ May I try it on?
ex) Can you pick up me? (X) ¡æ Cay you pick me up?
ex) May I try this shirt on? = May I try on this shirt?

4. ºóµµºÎ»ç

(1) Á¾·ù: always > usually > often > sometimes > hardly, seldom > never
¾ðÁ¦³ª, ´Ã> ´ë°³, º¸Åë> Á¾Á¾ >¶§¶§·Î, °¡²û> °ÅÀÇ ¡­¾Ê´Ù >°áÄÚ ¡­¾Ê´Ù

(2) À§Ä¡: beµ¿»ç ? Á¶µ¿»ç µÚ, ÀϹݵ¿»ç ¾Õ
ex) He is often late for school.
ex) You must always keep the school rules.
ex) He usually skips breakfast in the morning.

(3) °­Á¶¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¾ÕÀ̳ª µÚ¿¡ ³õÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) Sometimes he rides a bike to school.
ex) He visits his parents very often.

[Âü°í]
sometimes (°¡²û) ¡Á sometime (¹Ì·¡ÀÇ)¾ðÁ¨°¡
hardly (°ÅÀÇ ¡­¾Ê´Ù) ¡Á hard (´Ü´ÜÇÑ, ¾î·Á¿î, ¿­½ÉÈ÷)/ besides (°Ô´Ù°¡) ¡Á beside (¡­ ¿·¿¡)

5. ÁÖÀÇÇؾßÇÒ ºÎ»ç

(1) very´Â Çü¿ë»ç, ºÎ»çÀÇ ¿ø±Þ, ÇöÀçºÐ»ç¸¦ ¼ö½Ä / much´Â ºñ±³±Þ, °ú°ÅºÐ»ç¸¦ ¼ö½Ä
ex) He is very tall. / He is much taller than I.
ex) The movie is very interesting. / Jane is much surprised at the news.

(2) too´Â ±àÁ¤¹®, either´Â ºÎÁ¤¹® / already´Â ±àÁ¤¹®, yetÀº ºÎÁ¤¹®
ex) I can swim, too. / I can't swim, either.
ex) He has arrived already. / He has not arrived yet.

(3) ¡°So do I.¡±´Â ±àÁ¤¹® / ¡°Neither do I¡±´Â ºÎÁ¤¹®
ex) A: I have a pet. B: So do I. (=I have a pet, too.)
ex) A: I don't have a pet. B: Neither do I. (=I don't have a pet, either.)

 

CH 10. ºñ ±³

1. ºñ±³ÀÇ °³³ä°ú ÇüÅÂ

(1) Çü¿ë»ç¿Í ºÎ»ç¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ µÑ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´ë»óÀ» ¼­·Î ´ëÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¿­À» °ßÁÖ¾î º¸´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿ø±Þ, ºñ±³±Þ, ÃÖ»ó±ÞÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù.
¨ç ¿ø±Þ : Çü¿ë»ç¿Í ºÎ»çÀÇ ¿ø·¡ ÇüÅ (¡­ÇÑ / ¡­ÇÏ°Ô)
¨è ºñ±³±Þ: ¡°¿ø±Þ+er+than¡± ¶Ç´Â ¡°more+¿ø±Þ+than¡± (¡­º¸´Ù ´õ ¡­ÇÑ)
¨é ÃÖ»ó±Þ: ¡°(the) ¿ø±Þ+est¡± (°¡Àå ¡­ÇÑ)

(2) ºñ±³±Þ, ÃÖ»ó±Þ ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ý

¨ç ±ÔÄ¢º¯È­

´ë°³ÀÇ Çü¿ë»ç³ª ºÎ»ç

¿ø±Þ + er, est

tall-taller-tallest
old-older-oldest
long-longer-longest

³¡ÀÌ -e

¿ø±Þ + r, st

large-larger-largest
cute-cuter-cutest
wide-wider-widest

³¡ÀÌ ´Ü¸ðÀ½+´ÜÀÚÀ½

¿ø±Þ + ÀÚÀ½ + er, est

big-bigger-biggest
thin-thinner-thinnest
hot-hotter-hottest

³¡ÀÌ ÀÚÀ½+y

¿ø±Þ + y¸¦ i·Î + er, est

easy-easier-easiest
happy-happier-happiest
healthy-healthier -healthiest

±ä À½ÀýÀÇ Çü¿ë»ç?ºÎ»ç

more, most + ¿ø±Þ

beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
famous-more famous-most famous
friendly-more friendly-most friendly

 

¨è ºÒ±ÔÄ¢º¯È­

¿ø±Þ

ºñ±³±Þ

ÃÖ»ó±Þ

many/much(¸¹Àº)

more

most

good(ÁÁÀº)/well(Àß)

better

best

bad(³ª»Û)/ill(¾ÆÇÂ)

worse

worst

little (ÀÛÀº, ÀûÀº)

less

least

late(´ÊÀº, ´Ê°Ô)

later(³ªÁß¿¡)

latest(°¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù¿¡) [½Ã°£]

latter(µÚÀÇ)

last(¸¶Áö¸·) [¼ø¼­]

old(³ªÀÌ µç)

older(´õ ³ªÀÌ µç)

oldest (°¡Àå ³ªÀÌ µç) [³ªÀÌ]

elder(¼ÕÀ§ÀÇ)

eldest (Á¦ÀÏ ¼ÕÀ§ÀÇ) [¼ø¼­]

far(¸Õ, ¸Ö¸®)

farther(´õ ¸Õ)

farthest(°¡Àå ¸Õ) [°Å¸®]

further(´õ ½ÉÇÑ)

furthest(°¡Àå ½ÉÇÑ) [Á¤µµ]

 

2. ºñ±³±ÞÀÇ À¯Çü

(1) µ¿µîºñ±³: A = B ¢¡ B¸¸Å­ ~ÇÑ A (as ¿ø±Þ as) : ex) He is as tall as she.
(2) ¿ìµîºñ±³ : A > B ¢¡Bº¸´Ù ´õ ~ÇÑ A(~er than/ more ~ than) ex) He is taller than she.
(3) ¿­µîºñ±³ : A < B ¢¡ Bº¸´Ù ´ú ~ÇÑ A(less ¿ø±Þ than ~) ex) He is less tall than she.
(4) ºñ±³¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ç¥Çö ex) Tom is taller than Mary.
= Mary is shorter than Tom./ = Mary is not as tall as Tom./ = Mary is less tall than Tom.

3. ¿ø±ÞÀÇ °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö

(1) as ¿ø±Þ as possible = as ¿ø±Þ as one can (°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¡­ÇÏ°Ô)
ex) Come back as early as possible. = Come back as early as you can.

(2) ¹è¼ö»ç +as ¿ø±Þ as = ¹è¼ö»ç +ºñ±³±Þ +than
ex) This is as big as that.
*¹è¼ö»ç(ÛÃâ¦Þö): ¸î ¹èÀÎÁö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¼ö»ç (once, twice, three times...)

4. ºñ±³±ÞÀÇ °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö

(1) ºñ±³±Þ °­Á¶¾î = much, still, even, a lot, far ¡°ÈξÀ ´õ ¡­ÇÑ¡± (very´Â ¾È µÊ)
ex) Tom is much taller than Mary. (ÈξÀ ´õ Å©´Ù)

(2) the ºñ±³±Þ¡­, the ºñ±³±Þ¡­ ¡°¡­Çϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ´õ¿í ¡­ÇÏ´Ù¡±
ex) The more we have, the more we want.

(3) ºñ±³±Þ and ºñ±³±Þ ¡°Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¡­ÇÏ´Ù¡±
ex) The day is getting longer and longer.

5. ÃÖ»ó±Þ

(1) one of the ÃÖ»ó±Þ + º¹¼ö¸í»ç
ex) Seoul is one of the largest cities in the world.

(2) ÃÖ»ó±Þ + in + Àå¼Ò / ÃÖ»ó±Þ +of +°°Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ º¹¼ö¸í»ç
ex) He is the tallest in my class.
ex) He is the tallest of the boys. (He= the boys)

(3) ºñ±³±Þ than any other ´Ü¼ö¸í»ç = ÃÖ»ó±Þ of all (the) º¹¼ö¸í»ç
ex) He is the tallest boy in our class.
= He is taller than any other boy in our class.
= He is the tallest of all (the) boys in our class.
= No other boy is taller than he in our class.

 

CH 11. Á¢ ¼Ó »ç

1. µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç

¡°A=B¡±ÀÇ µ¿µîÇÑ ±¸Á¶·Î ´Ü¾î¿Í ´Ü¾î, ±¸¿Í ±¸, Àý°ú ÀýÀ» ¿¬°áÇØ ÁÖ´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç

(1) and ±×¸®°í
ex) My pet is smart and cute.
ex) I have two pets and they like each other.

(2) but ±×·¯³ª
ex) He is rich but I am poor.

(3) for ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé (ÀÌÀ¯)
ex) He looks sad, for his friend went to America.

(4) or ¶Ç´Â (¼±ÅÃ)
ex) Which do you like better, a cat or a dog?

(5) so ±×·¡¼­ (°á°ú)
ex) He got up late, so he was late for school.

2. ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç that

(1) ¹®Àå ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î, ¸ñÀû¾î, º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ ÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç

¨ç ÁÖ¾î
ex) That he is honest is true. = It is true that he is honest.
ÁÖ¾î °¡ÁÖ¾î ÁøÁÖ¾î

¨è ¸ñÀû¾î
ex) I think that they are diligent. ÁÖÀý(ÁÖ¾î Ÿµ¿»ç) - Á¾¼ÓÀý(¸ñÀû¾î=¸í»çÀý)

¨é º¸¾î
ex) My hope is that I will become a singer. ÁÖÀý(ÁÖ¾î µ¿»ç) - Á¾¼ÓÀý(º¸¾î=¸í»çÀý)

(2) ¸ñÀû¾î¿Í º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â »ý·«ÀÌ °¡´É
ex) I know you are right./ ex) My dream is two Koreas are reunited.

3. ½Ã°£À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç

(1) when, as ¡°¡­ÇÒ ¶§¡±
ex) When(As) I was young, I loved her. = I loved her when I was young.
Á¾¼ÓÀý(µ¿»ç¼ö½Ä=ºÎ»çÀý) ÁÖÀý ÁÖÀý Á¾¼ÓÀý(µ¿»ç¼ö½Ä=ºÎ»çÀý)

(2) after ¡­ÈÄ¿¡, before ¡­Àü¿¡, until ¡­ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö
ex) After school is over, they play soccer. [Á¢¼Ó»ç]
cf) After school, they play soccer.[ÀüÄ¡»ç]

(3) while ¡­ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡
ex) You must not talk much while you are chewing food.

4. ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç

(1) because ¡­¶§¹®¿¡
ex) Because I am ill, I can't go to school. (¿øÀÎ)
¡æ I am ill, so I can't go to school. (°á°ú)

(2) as, since ¡­ ¶§¹®¿¡
ex) As(=Since =Because) he studies hard, he can get a good grade.

5. ±âŸ Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç

Á¶°ÇÀý: ¡°¸¸¾à ¡­¶ó¸é¡±ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ÃæÁ·ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Á¶°ÇÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â Àý
¾çº¸Àý: ¡°ºñ·Ï ¡­ÀÏÁö¶óµµ(ÀÌÁö¸¸)¡±ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ÁÖÀý¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ¾çº¸ÇÏ´Â Àý

(1) Á¶°ÇÀý
¨ç if ¡°¸¸¾à ¡­¶ó¸é¡±
ex) If you join us, I'll be very happy.

¨è unless ¡°¸¸¾à ¡­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é¡± (if ¡­ not)
ex) Unless you come tomorrow, I'll give up the plan.
= If you don't come tomorrow, I'll give up the plan.

(2) ¾çº¸Àý
though = although = even if ¡°ºñ·Ï ¡­ÀÏÁö¶óµµ(ÀÌÁö¸¸)¡±
ex) Though he is young, he is very wise. = He is young, but he is very wise.

CH 12. Àǹ®ºÎ»ç

1. Àå¼ÒÀÇ Àǹ®»ç where

¢Ñ where ¾îµð¿¡, ¾îµð·Î, ¾îµð¿¡¼­
Where do you live? /Where are you going? ³Ê ¾îµð¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ï? / ¾îµð °¡´Â ±æÀÌ´Ï?

 

2. ½Ã°£ÀÇ Àǹ®»ç when

¢Ñ when ¾ðÁ¦
When is your birthday? /When do you eat breakfast?
³ÊÀÇ »ýÀÏÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦´Ï? / ³Ê´Â ¾ðÁ¦ ¾ÆħÀ» ¸Ô´Ï?

 

3. ¹æ¹ýÀÇ Àǹ®»ç how

¢Ñ how ¾î¶»°Ô

¢Ñ [how + Çü¿ë»ç/ºÎ»ç] ¾ó¸¶³ª (how many ~ ¼ö / how much ~ ¾ç / how old ~ ³ªÀÌ /
how tall ~ Å° / how far °Å¸® / how long ½Ã°£ÀÇ ±æÀÌ / how often ~ Ƚ¼ö)

How do you go to school? / How old are you? ³Ê´Â Çб³¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô °¡´Ï? / ³Ê ¸î »ìÀÌ´Ï?

 

4. ÀÌÀ¯ÀÇ Àǹ®»ç why

¢Ñ why ¿Ö

Why was she late? / Why were you absent from school yesterday?
±×³à´Â ¿Ö ´Ê¾ú´Ï? / ³Ê´Â ¾îÁ¦ ¿Ö Çб³¿¡ °á¼®Çß´Ï?

CH 13. Àü Ä¡ »ç

1. ÀüÄ¡»ç on
¢Ñ Á¢Ã˸é À§ / ³¯Â¥³ª ¿äÀÏ ¾Õ¿¡
on the wall / on the table / on the lake /on July 10 / on Monday
º® À§¿¡ / ŹÀÚ À§¿¡ / È£¼ö À§¿¡ / 7¿ù 10ÀÏ¿¡ / ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡

2. ÀüÄ¡»ç at
¢Ñ ½Ã°£, ½ÃÁ¡ ¾Õ¿¡ / Á¼Àº Àå¼Ò ¾Õ¿¡ / ±âŸ
at five / at noon / at night /at the center / at the office /at table / at breakfast / at a low price
5½Ã¿¡ / Á¤¿À¿¡ / ¹ã¿¡ / Á߽ɿ¡ / »ç¹«½Ç¿¡ / ½Ä»ç Áß(¿¡) / ¾Æħ ½Ä»ç Áß(¿¡) / ½Ñ °ª¿¡ /

3. ÀüÄ¡»ç in
¢Ñ ³ÐÀº Àå¼Ò ¾Õ¿¡ / ¿ù, °èÀý, ¿¬µµ ¾Õ¿¡ / ½Ã°£ ¾Õ¿¡ (~ÈÄ¿¡, ~ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é) / ±âŸ
in Seoul / in Korea /in May / in winter / in 2010 /in a week / in three hours /in the morning
¼­¿ï¿¡(¼­) / Çѱ¹¿¡(¼­) / 5¿ù¿¡ / °Ü¿ï¿¡ / 2010³â¿¡ / ÀÏÁÖÀÏ ÈÄ¿¡ / ¼¼ ½Ã°£ ÈÄ¿¡ / ¾Æħ¿¡

4. ÀüÄ¡»ç into
¢Ñ À̵¿ÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~¾ÈÀ¸·Î) / »óÅÂÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~¼ÓÀ¸·Î) / º¯È­, ÃßÀÌ, °á°úÀÇ ÀǹÌ
come into the house / go into the room /get into debt / get into trouble
Áý¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿À´Ù / ¹æ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡´Ù / ºúÀ» Áö´Ù / °ï°æ¿¡ óÇÏ´Ù

5. ÀüÄ¡»ç to
¢Ñ ¹æÇâÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~·Î, ~ÂÊÀ») / ÇàÀ§³ª µ¿ÀÛÀÇ ´ë»ó (~¿¡°Ô) / µµ´ÞÁ¡À» ³ªÅ¸³»¾î (~±îÁö)
turn to the right / point to the door /talk to her / do harm to them
¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î µ¹´Ù/ ¹®(ÂÊ)À» °¡¸®Å°´Ù/ ±×³à¿¡°Ô À̾߱âÇÏ´Ù/ ±×µé¿¡°Ô Çظ¦ ³¢Ä¡´Ù

6. ÀüÄ¡»ç by
¢Ñ Àå¼Ò³ª À§Ä¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¾î (~°ç¿¡, ~°¡±îÀÌ¿¡) / ¿Ï·áÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~±îÁö) / ´ÜÀ§ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ / ±³Åë¼ö´Ü
Come and sit by me. /by the end of this month / by the hour /by bus / by train
À̸® ¿Í¼­ ³» ¿·¿¡ ¾É¾Æ¶ó. / ÀÌ ´Þ ¸»±îÁö(´Â) / ½Ã°£ ´ÜÀ§·Î (½Ã°£´ç) / ¹ö½º·Î / ±âÂ÷·Î

7. ÀüÄ¡»ç with
¢Ñ µ¿¹Ý (~¿Í ÇÔ²², ~¿Í °°ÀÌ) / ¼ÒÀ¯ (~À» °¡Áø) / µµ±¸, ¼ö´ÜÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~·Î, ~À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©)
I live with my mother. /an animal with horns / a girl with blue eyes /pay with a check
³ª´Â ¾ö¸¶¿Í ÇÔ²² »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. / »ÔÀ» °¡Áø µ¿¹° / Ǫ¸¥ ´«À» °¡Áø ¼Ò³à / ¼öÇ¥·Î Áö±ÞÇÏ´Ù

8. ÀüÄ¡»ç about
¢Ñ °ü·ÃÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©, ~¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©) / ½Ã°£ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ (~°æ¿¡) / Àå¼Ò ¾Õ¿¡¼­ (~±Ùó¿¡, ~ÁÖº¯¿¡, ~°¡±îÀÌ¿¡, ~ÀÇ ¿©±âÀú±â)
talk about it / a book about gardening /about noon / about nine o'clock /about here
±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̾߱âÇÏ´Ù / ¿ø¿¹¿¡ °üÇÑ Ã¥ / Á¤¿À°æ¿¡ / 9½Ã°æ¿¡ / ÀÌ ±Ùó¿¡

9. ÀüÄ¡»ç from
¢Ñ Ãâ¹ßÁ¡ (~·ÎºÎÅÍ) / Ãâó, ±â¿ø, À¯·¡ (~¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â, ~Ãâ½ÅÀÇ) / ½Ã, °ø°£ÀÇ ±âÁ¡ (~ºÎÅÍ, ~¿¡¼­)
walk home from the station /Where do you come from? /from early this morning /
from Monday to Friday
¿ª¿¡¼­ °É¾î¼­ ±Í°¡ÇÏ´Ù / ¾îµð Ãâ½ÅÀԴϱî? / ¿À´Ã ¾Æħ ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ / ¿ù¿äÀϺÎÅÍ ±Ý¿äÀϱîÁö

10. ÀüÄ¡»ç of
¢Ñ ºÐ¸®, ¹ÚÅ»ÀÇ of / Àç·á, ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò (~·Î ¸¸µç) / ¼ÒÀ¯, ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~ÀÇ, ~¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â)
Someone robbed me of my purse. /a dress of silk / made of gold /the top of the hill
´©±º°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô¼­ Áö°©À» ÈÉÃÄ°¬´Ù. / ½ÇÅ©·Î ¸¸µç µå·¹½º / ±ÝÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç / ¾ð´öÀÇ Á¤»ó

11. ÀüÄ¡»ç over
¢Ñ À§·Î ºÐ¸®µÈ À§Ä¡ (~À§¿¡, ~À§ÂÊ¿¡) / (¿©±âÀú±â¿¡) / ¹üÀ§, ¼ö·® (~À» ³Ñ¾î, ~ÀÌ»ó) / (~Çϸ鼭)
The plane was flying over the lake. /all over the country / all over the world /She was over sixty.
ºñÇà±â°¡ È£¼ö À§¸¦ ³¯°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. / Àü±¹ ¹æ¹æ°î°î¿¡ / ¼¼°è µµÃ³¿¡ / ±×³à´Â ¿¹¼øÀÌ ³Ñ¾ú´Ù.

12. ÀüÄ¡»ç under
¢Ñ À§Ä¡ (~ÀÇ ¾Æ·¡¿¡, ~ÀÇ ¹Ø¿¡) / ¼ö·®, ½Ã°£, ³ªÀÌ, °¡°Ý (~¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ) / »óȲ, Á¶°Ç (~ÇÏ¿¡, ~¾Æ·¡¿¡) / ~ÁßÀÇ, ~Áß¿¡
under the bridge / under the table/boys under age / under 50 people /under these circumstances
´Ù¸® ¹Ø¿¡ / ŹÀÚ ¹Ø¿¡ / ¹Ì¼º³âÀÎ ¼Ò³âµé / 50¸í ¹Ì¸¸ / ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¯°æ ÇÏ¿¡¼­ /±×·¯ÇÑ Á¶°Ç ÇÏ¿¡¼­

13. ÀüÄ¡»ç for
¢Ñ ¸ñÀû (~À» À§ÇØ, ~À» À§ÇÏ¿©) / ±â°£ (~µ¿¾È) / ÀÌÀ¯ (~¶§¹®¿¡) / ¸ñÀûÁö (~¸¦ ÇâÇØ)
I went home for Christmas. /for hours / for years / for ten years /for many reasons
³ª´Â Å©¸®½º¸¶½º¸¦ Áö³»±â À§ÇØ Áý¿¡ °¬´Ù. / ¸î ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È / ¸î ³â µ¿¾È / 10³â µ¿¾È/¸¹Àº ÀÌÀ¯·Î

14. ±âŸ ÀüÄ¡»ç

¢Ñ during (~µ¿¾È) / till, until (~±îÁö) / behind (~µÚ¿¡) / after (~ÈÄ¿¡) / before (~Àü¿¡)
during the winter / during the summer vacation/until tomorrow morning / until two o'clock
/She sat behind me. /after dark / after school / after breakfast / before lunch / before six o'clock
°Ü¿ï ³»³» / ¿©¸§ ¹æÇÐ µ¿¾È / ³»ÀÏ ¾Æħ±îÁö / 2½Ã±îÁö / ±×³à´Â ³» µÚ¿¡ ¾É¾Ò´Ù. / ÇØ°¡ Áø µÚ¿¡ /
¹æ°ú ÈÄ¿¡ / ¾Æħ ½Ä»ç ÈÄ¿¡ / Á¡½É ½Ä»ç Àü¿¡ / 6½Ã Àü¿¡

CH 14. ºÎ Á¤ »ç

1. ¸í»çÀû¿ë¹ý

(1) ºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ ¡°ÁÖ¾î, ¸ñÀû¾î, º¸¾î¡±·Î ¾²ÀÎ °Í
ex) To help you is my pleasure. (ÁÖ¾î: µ½´Â °Í, µ½±â)
ex) I want to see the movie. (¸ñÀû¾î: º¸´Â °Í, º¸±â)
ex) My hobby is to play computer games. (ÇÏ´Â °Í, Çϱâ)

(2) ºÎÁ¤»ç¸¸À» ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ÃëÇÏ´Â µ¿»ç: want, wish, hope, decide, plan, agree..
ex) I want going to the movies. (X)

(3) Á־ ±æ ¶§ °¡ÁÖ¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
ex) To make a kite is easy. ¡æ It is easy to make a kite.
ÁÖ ¾î °¡ÁÖ¾î
ex) That he often tells a lie is true. ¡æ It is true that he often tells a lie.
ÁÖ ¾î °¡ÁÖ¾î

(4) °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö
¨ç Àǹ®»ç+to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü
ex) I don't know what to do. (¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦)
= I don't know what I should do.
ex) I don't know how to go there. (¾î¶»°Ô °¡¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦)

¨è try+to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡­ÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Ù)
ex) I tried to be quiet in class.
ex) I tried not to make a noise in class.

2. Çü¿ë»çÀû ¿ë¹ý

(1) ºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ ¸í»ç µÚ¿¡¼­ ¾ÕÀÇ ¡°¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½Ä¡±ÇÏ´Â °Í (¡­ÇÒ, ¡­ÇÏ´Â)
ex) I want something to drink. (¸í»ç¼ö½Ä: ¸¶½Ç)

(2) ºÎÁ¤»çÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ ÀÚµ¿»çÀÏ ¶§´Â ÀüÄ¡»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í Ÿµ¿»çÀÏ ¶§´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
ex) I need a house to live in.
ex) I need somebody to love.

Tip ÀüÄ¡»ç¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¶§´Â ºÎÁ¤»ç ¾ÕÀÇ ¸í»ç¸¦ ºÎÁ¤»ç µÚ·Î µ¹·Á¼­ È®ÀÎÇØ º»´Ù.
ex) I want a chair to sit. ¡æ sit a chair (x) ¡æ sit on a chair. (O) ¡æ I want a chair to sit on.

 

3. ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ý

(1) ºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ ¡°µ¿»ç, Çü¿ë»ç, ´Ù¸¥ ºÎ»ç¡±¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °Í
ex) He went to America to meet his uncle. (¸ñÀû:¡­Çϱâ À§Çؼ­)
ex) I'm glad to meet you. (¿øÀÎ:¡­Çؼ­)

(2) °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö
¨ç too ¡­ to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (³Ê¹«³ª ¡­Çؼ­ ¡­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù) ex) I'm too tired to walk on.

¨è Çü¿ë»ç+enough to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡­ÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¡­ÇÏ´Ù)
ex) Eric is tall enough to pick off the apple.

¨é be able to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)
ex) I'll be able to finish the homework by tonight.

¨ê be likely to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡­ÀÏ °Í °°´Ù): ex) It is likely to rain soon.

¨ë be sure to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¹Ýµå½Ã ¡­ÇÏ´Ù)
ex) Are you sure to come to my party?

¨ì It takes ½Ã°£ to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡­Çϴµ¥ ¡­°¡ °É¸®´Ù)
ex) It will take half an hour to get there.

4. ¿øÇüºÎÁ¤»ç

(1) Áö°¢µ¿»ç¿Í »ç¿ªµ¿»ç µÚ¿¡¼­ to¾øÀÌ µ¿»çÀÇ ¿øÇüÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â ºÎÁ¤»ç
Áö°¢µ¿»ç= º¸´Ù (see, watch) / µè´Ù (listen to, hear) / ´À³¢´Ù (feel)
»ç¿ªµ¿»ç= ¡­°¡ ¡­ÇÏ°Ô ½ÃÅ°´Ù(¸¸µé´Ù) (make, have, let)

ex) I saw them cross the river. (°Ç³Í °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.)
I saw them crossing the river. (°Ç³Ê°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.)

(2) help´Â to°¡ ¿Íµµ ÁÁ°í ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ÁÁ´Ù.
ex) I helped him (to) do the homework.

(3) °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö
¨ç had better+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡­ÇÏ´Â ÆíÀÌ ³´´Ù)
ex) You had better take a rest./ You had better not go out.

¨è would rather+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (Â÷¶ó¸® ¡­ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù)
ex) I'd rather stay at home tomorrow.

¨é may well+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡­ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù) / ex) He may well be angry with you.

CH 15. µ¿ ¸í »ç

1. µ¿¸í»çÀÇ °³³ä°ú ¿ªÇÒ

(1) µ¿»ç¸¦ ¸í»ç Áï, ¡°ÁÖ¾î, ¸ñÀû¾î, º¸¾î¡±·Î ¾²±â À§ÇØ ¡°µ¿»ç¿øÇü+-ing¡±ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¹Ù²Û °Í
ex) Playing with my dog is very fun.

(2) µ¿¸í»ç¸¸ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¹Þ´Â µ¿»ç: mind, enjoy, give up, avoid, stop, finish, practice...
ex) I enjoyed to go shopping with mom. (X)

(3) ÀüÄ¡»ç µÚ¿¡¼± µ¿¸í»ç¸¸À» ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) How about to go shopping? (X)
ex) I'm sorry for being late. (O)

 

2. ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ µ¿¸í»ç

(1) ºÎÁ¤»ç¿Í µ¿¸í»çÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ
ex) Don't forget to mail to me. (¹Ì·¡) / Don't forget mailing to me. (°ú°Å)
ex) I stopped to watch TV. (¸ñÀû) / I stopped watching TV. (¸ñÀû¾î)
ex) I tried to wear the dress. (³ë·Â) / I tried wearing the dress. (½Ãµµ)

(2) °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö
¨ç spend+¸ñÀû¾î+-ing (¡­ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¡­À» º¸³»´Ù)
ex) I spent my vacation helping my dad.

¨è go -ing (¡­ÇÏ·¯ °¡´Ù)
ex) I'm going to go shopping with mom.

¨é be busy -ing (¡­ÇÏ´À¶ó ¹Ù»Ú´Ù)
ex) He was busy looking after his brother.

¨ê feel like -ing (¡­ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù)
ex) I feel like eating out today.

¨ë It is no use+-ing (¡­ÇØ ºÁ¾ß ¼Ò¿ë¾ø´Ù)
ex) It's no use crying over spilt milk

CH 16. ºÐ »ç

1. ºÐ»çÀÇ °³³ä°ú Á¾·ù

(1) µ¿»ç¸¦ Çü¿ë»ç·Î ¾²±â À§ÇØ ¡°µ¿»ç¿øÇü+-ing/ p.p.¡±ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ °®´Â °Í
ex) Look at the sleeping baby.
ex) Look at the broken window.

(2) ÇöÀçºÐ»ç¿Í °ú°ÅºÐ»ç
ÇöÀçºÐ»ç: ¡°µ¿»ç¿øÇü+-ing¡± = ÁøÇà / ´Éµ¿
°ú°ÅºÐ»ç: ¡°µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀÇ p.p.¡± = ¿Ï·á / ¼öµ¿

ex) falling leaves (ÁøÇà), fallen leaves (¿Ï·á)
ex) burning house (ÁøÇà), burnt house (¿Ï·á)
ex) I heard him calling my name. (himÀÌ Á÷Á¢ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÇàÇÔ - ºÎ¸£´Ù)
I heard my name called. (my nameÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ´çÇÔ - ºÒ·Á Áö´Ù)
ex) I heard of a surprising news. (±× ÀÚü°¡ °¨Á¤ÀÇ Á÷Á¢Àû ´ë»óÀÓ)
I'm surprised at the news. (´Ù¸¥ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¨Á¤À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓ)

Tip: ÁøÇà= ¾î¶² µ¿ÀÛÀ̳ª »óȲÀÌ ÇöÀç ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â °Í
¿Ï·á= ¾î¶² µ¿ÀÛÀ̳ª »óȲÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾î ¸ðµÎ ³¡³­ °Í
´Éµ¿= ¾î¶² µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÁÖü°¡ Á÷Á¢ ÇàÇϰųª ±× ÀÚü°¡ °¨Á¤ÀÇ Á÷Á¢Àû ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ´Â °Í
¼öµ¿= ¾î¶² µ¿ÀÛÀ̳ª °¨Á¤À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰ųª ´çÇÏ´Â °Í

2. µ¿¸í»ç¿Í ÇöÀçºÐ»çÀÇ ±¸ºÐ

(1) µ¿¸í»ç´Â ¸í»çÀÌ°í ÇöÀçºÐ»ç´Â Çü¿ë»çÀÌ´Ù.
ex) I like dancing with my friends. (¸ñÀû¾î - µ¿¸í»ç)
ex) I like the dancing girl with my friends. (¸í»ç¼ö½Ä - ÇöÀçºÐ»ç)

(2) µ¿¸í»ç´Â ¡°¸ñÀû, ¿ëµµ(¡­À» À§ÇÑ)¡±·Î ¾²ÀÌ°í ÇöÀçºÐ»ç´Â ¡°ÁøÇà(¡­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â)¡±À¸·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) a smoking room (µ¿¸í»ç) ¡æ a room for smoking
a smoking man (ÇöÀçºÐ»ç) ¡æ a man is smoking
ex) a sleeping bag (µ¿¸í»ç) ¡æ a bag for sleeping
a sleeping baby (ÇöÀçºÐ»ç) ¡æ a baby is sleeping

(3) °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö
¨ç have(get)+¸ñÀû¾î+°ú°ÅºÐ»ç(p.p.) (½ÃÅ°´Ù, ´çÇÏ´Ù)
ex) My dad had his car washed.
ex) I had my leg broken yesterday.

¨è Generally(Frankly) speaking (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î/ ¼ÖÁ÷È÷ ¸»Çؼ­)
ex) Generally speaking, all humans are equal.

CH 17. ¼ö µ¿ ÅÂ

¡®Á־ -À» ÇÏ´Ù¡®¿Í °°ÀÌ Á־ ¾î¶² µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Ç¥Çö ÇÒ ¶§ ´Éµ¿ÅÂÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ¡¯Á־ -¿¡ ÀÇÇØ -µÇ´Ù/Áö´Ù¡®¿Í °°ÀÌ Á־°Ô ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ »ý±ä °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§ ¼öµ¿Å¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¼öµ¿ÅÂÀÇ ±âº» µ¿»çÇüÀº be + p.p. (°ú°ÅºÐ»ç)´Ù.

1. 3Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ ´Éµ¿Å ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ÁÖ¾î·Î, µ¿»ç´Â [beµ¿»ç + p.p.]·Î, ÁÖ¾î´Â [by + ¸ñÀû°Ý]À¸·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù.
¢Ñ ÀϹÝÀÎÀÇ °æ¿ì [by + ¸ñÀû°Ý]À» »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

She loves him. (´Éµ¿ÅÂ) ¡æ He is loved by her. (¼öµ¿ÅÂ)

2. 4Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÎ °³ÀÎ 4Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀº µ¿»ç¿¡ µû¶ó µÎ °³ÀÇ ¼öµ¿Å°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
¢Ñ µ¿»ç¿¡ µû¶ó Á÷Á¢¸ñÀû¾î¸¸ ¼öµ¿Å ÁÖ¾î·Î ÀüȯÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
(make, buy, sell, send, bring, write, get µî)
¢Ñ Á÷Á¢¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ÁÖ¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ °æ¿ì [ÁÖ¾î + be p.p + ÀüÄ¡»ç + °£Á¢¸ñÀû¾î]ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.

Mother made me a doll. ¡æ A doll was made for me by mother.
¾ö¸¶°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀÎÇüÀ» Çϳª ¸¸µé¾î Á̴ּÙ.

3. 5Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ [ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç + ¸ñÀû¾î + ¸ñÀûº¸¾î]ÀÇ 5Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¼öµ¿Å·ΠÀüȯµÇ¸é
[ÁÖ¾î(¸ñÀû¾î) + be p.p. + ¸ñÀûº¸¾î]ÀÇ ±¸Á¶°¡ µÈ´Ù.

They call her Mary. ¡æ She is called Mary (by them). ±×µéÀº ±×³à¸¦ Mary¶ó ºÎ¸¥´Ù.

4. Ÿµ¿»ç±¸ÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ ¸ð¿© ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø µ¿»ç±¸´Â ¼öµ¿Å·ΠÀüȯ ½Ã, ÇϳªÀÇ µ¿»ç·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ laugh at, look up to, take care of, pay attention to µî

They looked up to him. ¡æ He was looked up to by them.
±×µéÀº ±×¸¦ Á¸°æÇß´Ù. / ±×´Â ±×µé¿¡°Ô Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

5. thatÀýÀÌ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ 3Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ They say/think/believe that ~ ÀÇ ¼öµ¿Å´ It is said/thought/believed that ~
¶Ç´Â thatÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î + is said/thought/ believed to V ~ ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.

People say that he is rich. ¡æ It is said that he is rich.¡æ He is said to be rich.
±×°¡ ºÎÀÚ¶ó°íµé ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

6. Áö°¢µ¿»çÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ Áö°¢µ¿»ç¸¦ ¼öµ¿Å·ΠÀüȯ ½Ã, ¸ñÀûº¸¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀº to ºÎÁ¤»ç·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù.

He heard her sing a song. ¡æ She was heard to sing a song by him.
±×´Â ±×³à°¡ ³ë·¡¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. / ±×³à°¡ ³ë·¡ ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô µé·È´Ù.

7. »ç¿ªµ¿»çÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ »ç¿ªµ¿»ç¸¦ ¼öµ¿Å·ΠÀüȯ ½Ã, ¸ñÀûº¸¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀº to ºÎÁ¤»ç·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù.

My father made me study hard.¡æ I was made to study hard by my father.
¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ³»°¡ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µå¼Ì´Ù.

8. Á־ ºÎÁ¤¾îÀÎ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ Nobody, NothingµîÀÌ ´Éµ¿ÅÂÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼öµ¿Å¿¡¼­ not ~ by anybody(anything)ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.

Nobody can make her laugh. ¡æ She cannot be made to laugh by anybody.
¾Æ¹«µµ ±×³à¸¦ ¿ô°Ô ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.

9. ÁøÇà½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ ÁøÇàÇüÀÇ ¼öµ¿Å´ [be being p.p.]ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ am(is, are) being p.p. (ÇöÀçÁøÇà¼öµ¿ÅÂ), was(were) being p.p. (°ú°ÅÁøÇà¼öµ¿ÅÂ),
will be being p.p. (¹Ì·¡ÁøÇà¼öµ¿ÅÂ)

She is playing the piano.¡æ The piano is being played by her.

10. ¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ ¿Ï·áÇüÀÌ ¼öµ¿Å´ [have/has/had been p.p,]ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ have(has) been p.p. (ÇöÀç¿Ï·á¼öµ¿ÅÂ), had been p.p. (°ú°Å¿Ï·á¼öµ¿ÅÂ),
will have been p.p. (¹Ì·¡¿Ï·á¼öµ¿ÅÂ)

She has read the book. - The book has been read by her.
±×³à´Â ±× Ã¥À» Àоú´Ù. / ±× Ã¥Àº ±×³à¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÐÇôÁ³´Ù.

11. Á¶µ¿»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ Á¶µ¿»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼öµ¿Å¿¡¼­ [Á¶µ¿»ç + be p.p.]°¡ µÈ´Ù.

You must write a letter.¡æ A letter must be written by you.
³Ê´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. / ÆíÁö´Â ³Ê¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾²¿© Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

12. byÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ÀüÄ¡»ç¸¦ ¾²´Â ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ byÀÌ¿ÜÀÌ ÀüÄ¡»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â µû·Î ¾Ï±â¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ be known to (~¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁö´Ù), be covered with (~·Î µ¤¿© ÀÖ´Ù), be concerned about (~¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù), be concerned with (~¿Í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù), be satisfied with (~¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´Ù), be filled with (~·Î °¡µæ Â÷´Ù), be interested in (~¿¡ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù), be surprised at (~¿¡ ³î¶ó´Ù), be pleased with (~¿¡ ±â»µÇÏ´Ù),

She was satisfied with the result. ±×³à´Â ±× °á°ú¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çß´Ù.

13. have + ¸ñÀû¾î + °ú°ÅºÐ»ç
¢Ñ haveµ¿»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î¿Í ¸ñÀûº¸¾îÀÇ °ü°è°¡ ¼öµ¿ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â [have + ¸ñÀû¾î + °ú°ÅºÐ»ç]ÀÇ
ÇüÅ°¡ µÈ´Ù.

He had his leg broken yesterday. ±×´Â ¾îÁ¦ ´Ù¸®°¡ ºÎ·¯Á³´Ù.

14. get + ¸ñÀû¾î + °ú°ÅºÐ»ç
¢Ñ getµ¿»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î¿Í ¸ñÀûº¸¾îÀÇ °ü°è°¡ ¼öµ¿ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â [get + ¸ñÀû¾î + °ú°ÅºÐ»ç]ÀÇ
ÇüÅ°¡ µÈ´Ù.

I got my photograph taken. ³ª´Â »çÁøÀ» Âï¾ú´Ù.

15. ¼öµ¿Å¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â µ¿»ç
¢Ñ ÀÚµ¿»ç(seem, look, appear, sound, taste, happen µî)´Â ¼öµ¿Å°¡ ºÒ°¡ÇÏ´Ù.
¢Ñ »óŸ¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â µ¿»ç´Â ¼öµ¿Å¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. (have, belong to, consist of, resemble µî)

You resemble your father very closely.
- Your father is resembled very closely by you. (X)
³Ê´Â ³ÊÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ¸Å¿ì ¸¹ÀÌ ´à¾Ò´Ù.

CH 18. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç

°ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç¿Í ´ë¸í»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÔ²² Çϸ鼭 ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»çÀýÀ» À̲ö´Ù.

 

ÁÖ °Ý

¼Ò À¯ °Ý

¸ñ Àû °Ý

»ç¶÷

who

whose

who(m)

»ç¹°

which

whose/ of which

which

»ç¶÷. »ç¹°

that

that

¼±Çà»ç Æ÷ÇÔ

what

what

°ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÇ´Âµ¥ ÁÖ°Ý°ú ¸ñÀû°ÝÀÌ ÇüÅ°¡ °°´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº ´Ù¸£´Ù. µ¶ÇØÇÒ ¶§ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Àß ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¹¯´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ¡®»ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ã¾Æ¶ó¡¯´Â ¹®Á¦´Ù. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¸ñÀû°ÝÀº »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í °íµîÇб³ °úÁ¤ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Áö¹®¿¡¼­´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

1. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¶÷) + who + µ¿»ç ~
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÏ ¶§ ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â who ¶Ç´Â thatÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â µ¿»çÀÇ ¼ö´Â ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃŲ´Ù.

I know the girl who lives here. ³ª´Â ¿©±â¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò³à¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.

2. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¶÷) + whose + ¸í»ç ~
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÏ ¶§ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀº whose
¢Ñ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ï¸ç ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç µÚ¿¡´Â ¸í»ç°¡ ¿Â´Ù.

I know a girl whose father is a doctor. : ³ª´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ÀÇ»çÀÎ ÇÑ ¼Ò³à¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.

3. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¶÷) + whom + ÁÖ¾î + Ÿµ¿»ç ~
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÏ ¶§ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¸ñÀû°ÝÀº whom ¶Ç´Â that
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç µÚ¿¡ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç°¡ ¿Â´Ù.
¢Ñ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â »ý·«°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

The lady whom you met is my sister. (»ý·« °¡´É) ³×°¡ ¸¸³µ´ø ¼÷³à´Â ³ªÀÇ ´©À̵¿»ýÀÌ´Ù.

4. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¶÷) + whom + ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç + ÀüÄ¡»ç ~
¢Ñ ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ³ª°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì·Î ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÏ °æ¿ì
¢Ñ ÀüÄ¡»ç°¡ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Ã °æ¿ì¿¡´Â »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

This is the man whom(that) I spoke of. (»ý·« °¡´É) : ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³×°¡ ¸»Çß´ø ±× ³²ÀÚ´Ù.
= This is the man of whom I spoke. (whomÀº »ý·« ºÒ°¡)

5. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¹°) + which + µ¿»ç ~
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç µÚ¿¡ µ¿»ç°¡ ¿À°í ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¹°ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â which ¶Ç´Â that
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç µÚÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃŲ´Ù.

I have a dog which is very faithful. ³ª´Â ¸Å¿ì ÃæÁ÷ÇÑ °³ ÇÑ ¸¶¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

6. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¹°) + whose + ¸í»ç ~
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¹°ÀÏ ¶§ ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â whose, of which
¢Ñ whose + ¸í»ç / of which + the ¸í»ç / the ¸í»ç + of which µîÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.

Look at the house whose roof is blue. ÁöºØÀÌ ÆĶõ»öÀÎ Àú ÁýÀ» º¸¾Æ¶ó.
= Look at the house of which the roof is blue.
= Look at the house the roof of which is blue.

7. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¹°) + which + ÁÖ¾î + Ÿµ¿»ç ~
¢Ñ Ÿµ¿»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ³ª°¡ ÀÖ°í »ç¹°ÀÏ °æ¿ì which ¶Ç´Â that
¢Ñ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â »ý·« °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

This is the book which I have chosen. (»ý·« °¡´É) : ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ °í¸¥ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.

8. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¹°) + which + ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç + ÀüÄ¡»ç ~
¢Ñ ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ³ª°¡ ÀÖ°í, »ç¹°ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â which ¶Ç´Â that
¢Ñ ÀüÄ¡»ç°¡ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¿Ã °æ¿ì thatÀº »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

This is the house which he lives in. (»ý·« °¡´É) : ¿©±â°¡ ±×°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ÁýÀÌ´Ù.
= This is the house in which he lives. (which´Â »ý·« ºÒ°¡)

9. ~ ¼±Çà»ç, + who / which + µ¿»ç ~ (°è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ý)
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÇ °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀº °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ÄÞ¸¶°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¢Ñ [Á¢¼Ó»ç + ´ë¸í»ç]·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (and, but, for, though)
¢Ñ °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â thatÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

She has three sons, who became doctors. = She has three sons, and they became doctors.
±×³à´Â ¾ÆµéÀÌ ¼ÂÀÌ Àִµ¥, ±×µéÀº Àǻ簡 µÇ¾ú´Ù.

10. Çü¿ë»ç, ±¸, Àý, ¶Ç´Â ¾Õ ¹®Àå Àüü¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ¹Þ´Â which
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which´Â °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î Çü¿ë»ç, ±¸, ÀýÀ» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
She said nothing, which made me angry.
±×³à´Â ¾Æ¹« ¸»µµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Âµ¥ ±×°ÍÀÌ ³ª¸¦ È­³ª°Ô Çß´Ù.

11. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÇ »ý·«
¢Ñ ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¿Í beµ¿»ç´Â ÇÔ²² »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¢Ñ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû°ÝÀÏ °æ¿ì, ÀüÄ¡»ç°¡ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Ã ¶§´Â »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù)
¢Ñ º¸¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ °ü°è»ç´Â »ý·« °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ´ÙÀ½¿¡ there is ~ ±¸¹®ÀÌ ³ª¿Ã °æ¿ì ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¶óµµ »ý·« °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

Do you know that girl (who is) wearing a red skirt?
»¡°£»ö ½ºÄ¿Æ®¸¦ ÀÔ°í ÀÖ´Â Àú ¼Ò³à¸¦ ¾Æ´Ï?
The man (whom) you wanted to see is waiting for you.
³×°¡ º¸°í ½Í¾î Çß´ø ±× ³²ÀÚ°¡ ³Ê¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù.

12. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç that
¢Ñ ÃÖ»ó±Þ, the very, the same, the first, the last, the only µîÀÌ ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ °æ¿ì
¢Ñ anything, nothing, everything µîÀÌ ¼±Çà»ç·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§
¢Ñ all, every, any, no µîÀÌ ¼±Çà»çÀ̰ųª ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¶§
¢Ñ who, which, what µîÀÇ Àǹ®»ç°¡ ¼±Çà»çÀÏ ¶§
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ [»ç¶÷+µ¿¹°], [»ç¶÷+»ç¹°]ÀÏ ¶§

This is the very book that I am looking for. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ ã°í ÀÖ´ø ¹Ù·Î ±× Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.

13. ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç what
¢Ñ whatÀº ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç (= that which, the thing which)
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç what µÚ¿¡´Â ÁÖ¾î ¶Ç´Â ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®Àå)

Please show me what is in your bag. ³× °¡¹æ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ³ª¿¡°Ô º¸¿©Áà.
= Please show me the thing that is in your bag.

14. À¯»ç °ü°è´ë¸í»ç as /than/ but
¢Ñ Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â as, but, than µîÀÌ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ as, such, the same µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì : as
As many men as came were caught. ¿Â »ç¶÷Àº ¸ðµÎ ºÙÀâÇû´Ù.

¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ more °¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì : than
There is more money than is needed. ÇÊ¿ä ÀÌ»óÀÇ µ·ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ no, not µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì : but
¢Ñ but = that ~ not
There is no rule but has some exceptions. ¿¹¿Ü ¾ø´Â ±ÔÄ¢Àº ¾ø´Ù.

 

CH 19. °ü°èºÎ»ç

°ü°èºÎ»ç where, when, why, how ´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç¿Í ºÎ»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÔ²² Çϸ鼭 ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»çÀýÀ» À̲ö´Ù. °ü°èºÎ»ç´Â ÀüÄ¡»ç+which ·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

¿ë ¹ý

¼± Çà »ç

°ü °è ºÎ »ç

ÀüÄ¡»ç+°ü°è´ë¸í»ç

Àå ¼Ò

the place, house

where

in, on, at +which

½Ã °£

the time, day

when

in, on, at +which

ÀÌ À¯

the reason

why

for+which

¹æ ¹ý

(the way)

how

in +which

1. °ü°èºÎ»ç when

¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ ½Ã°£ÀÏ ¶§
¢Ñ °ü°èºÎ»ç µÚ¿¡´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Â´Ù.
Don't forget the day when she died. :±×³à°¡ Á×Àº ³¯À» ÀØÁö ¸¶¶ó.

2. °ü°èºÎ»ç where
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ Àå¼ÒÀÏ ¶§
¢Ñ °ü°èºÎ»ç µÚ¿¡´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Â´Ù.

This is the house where my father lives. : ÀÌ°÷ÀÌ ¿ì¸® ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ »ç½Ã´Â ÁýÀÌ´Ù.

3. °ü°èºÎ»ç why
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ ÀÌÀ¯ÀÏ ¶§
¢Ñ °ü°èºÎ»ç µÚ¿¡´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Â´Ù.

May I ask you the reason why you made that decision.
¿Ö ±×·± °áÁ¤À» Çϼ̴ÂÁö ¹°¾îºÁµµ µÉ±î¿ä?

4. °ü°èºÎ»ç how
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ ¹æ¹ýÀÏ ¶§
¢Ñ °ü°èºÎ»ç µÚ¿¡´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Â´Ù.

This is how she finished her homework. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ±×³à°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼÷Á¦¸¦ ³¡³½ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
[ÁÖÀÇ] the way¿Í how´Â ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
the way, how, the way that, the way in which·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

 

5. °ü°èºÎ»çÀÇ °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ý
¢Ñ °ü°èºÎ»ç ¾Õ¿¡ comma°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì
¢Ñ when (= and then) / where (= and there)

Wait till nine, when he will come back. : 9½Ã±îÁö ±â´Ù¸®¸é ±×°¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Ã °Ì´Ï´Ù.

6. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¿Í °ü°èºÎ»çÀÇ ±¸ºÐ
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â µÚ¿¡ ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Â´Ù. ¢Ñ ÁÖ¾î ¶Ç´Â ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
¢Ñ °ü°èºÎ»ç´Â µÚ¿¡ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Â´Ù.

This is the house which he lives in. (ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®Àå : inÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¾ø´Ù)
This is the house where he lives. (¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®Àå) :¿©±â°¡ ±×°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ÁýÀÌ´Ù.

7. º¹ÇÕ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç whoever
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¸ç ¸í»ç, Çü¿ë»ç, ºÎ»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â °æ¿ì (anyone who) / ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â °æ¿ì (no matter who)

Whoever comes to the party will be welcomed. (= Anyone who)
Whoever may come, you must not open the door. (= No matter who)
ÆÄƼ¿¡ ¿À´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª ȯ¿µ ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. /´©°¡ ¿À´õ¶óµµ ¹®À» ¿­¾î¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.

8. º¹ÇÕ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç whichever
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¸ç ¸í»ç, Çü¿ë»ç, ºÎ»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â °æ¿ì (anything that) / ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â °æ¿ì (no matter which)

Choose whichever you like. (= anything that)
Whichever you choose, you will not be satisfied with it. (= No matter which)
³×°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ¾î´À °ÍÀÌµç °ñ¶ó¶ó. /¾î´Â °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ³Ê´Â ¸¸Á·ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

9. º¹ÇÕ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç whatever
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¸ç ¸í»ç, Çü¿ë»ç, ºÎ»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â °æ¿ì (anything that) / ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â °æ¿ì (no matter what)

Use prudence in whatever you do. (= anything that)
Whatever you are saying, I'm not interested. (= no matter what)
³×°¡ ÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ÀÏ¿¡¼­µç ½ÅÁßÇضó. / ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¸»À» ÇϵçÁö ³ª´Â °ü½ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.

 

10. º¹ÇÕ°ü°èºÎ»ç whenever
¢Ñ ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÏ °æ¿ì (= at any time when) / ¾çº¸ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÏ °æ¿ì (= no matter when)

Whenever I see her, I think of her mother. (= At any time when)
Whenever you may come, you will be welcomed. (= no matter when)
³ª´Â ±×³à¸¦ º¼ ¶§¸¶´Ù, ±×³àÀÇ ¾ö¸¶°¡ »ý°¢³­´Ù. /¾ðÁ¦ ¿À´õ¶óµµ ³Ê´Â ȯ¿µÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

11. º¹ÇÕ°ü°èºÎ»ç wherever
¢Ñ ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÏ °æ¿ì (= at any place where) / ¾çº¸ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÏ °æ¿ì (= no matter where)

This type of plant thrives wherever there is plenty of water. (= at any place where)
ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ ½Ä¹°Àº ¹°ÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÑ °÷ÀÌ¸é ¾îµð¿¡³ª ¹ø¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
Wherever you may go, I will follow you. (= no matter where)
³×°¡ ¾îµð¸¦ °¡µç ³ª´Â µû¶ó°¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

12. º¹ÇÕ°ü°èºÎ»ç however
¢Ñ ¾çº¸ÀÇ ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À¯µµÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ However + Çü¿ë»ç/ºÎ»ç + ÁÖ¾î + may + µ¿»ç¿øÇü ~

However humble it may be, there is no place like home.
¾Æ¹«¸® ´©ÃßÇÏ´Ù ÇÒÁö¶óµµ Áý¸¸ÇÑ °÷Àº ¾ø´Ù.

CH 20. °¡ Á¤ ¹ý

1. °¡Á¤¹ýÀÇ Á¾·ù

if ÀýÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦°¡ °ú°Å¸é °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å, °ú°Å¿Ï·á¸é °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á´Ù. °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°ÅÀÇ ÁÖÀýÀº would, should, could, might + ¿øÇü, °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á´Â would, should, could, might + have p.p. ´Ù.

 

°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å

if °ú°Å

would ¿øÇü

ÇöÀç»ç½ÇÀÇ ¹Ý´ë

°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á

if had p.p.

would have p.p.

°ú°Å»ç½ÇÀÇ ¹Ý´ë

¢Ñ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å : ÇöÀç»ç½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ë °¡Á¤ ÇöÀç·Î Çؼ®
(a) If I had enough apples, I would bake an apple pie.
³»°¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ »ç°ú¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù¸é, ¾ÖÇÃÆÄÀ̸¦ ¸¸µé ÅÙµ¥.
(b) If the weather were fine, we would go to the zoo.
³¯¾¾°¡ ÁÁ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â µ¿¹°¿ø¿¡ °¥ ÅÙµ¥.

°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å´Â ÇöÀç »ç½ÇÀ» ¹Ý´ë·Î Ç¥ÇöÇϸç Çؼ®Àº ÇöÀç·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
(a)´Â »ç½ÇÀº ÇöÀç ÃæºÐÇÑ »ç°ú°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ°í, (b)´Â ÇöÀç ³¯¾¾°¡ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ¶æÀ̸ç, be µ¿»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ÀÎĪ°ú ¼ö¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿¡¼­´Â were ¸¦ ¾´´Ù°í ¾Ë°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ was µµ ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (c)´Â »ç½Ç ³»°¡ ³Ê¸¸Å­ ³ë·¡¸¦ ÀßÇÏÁö ¸ø´Ù´Â Àǹ̷ΠIf I were able to sing µµ °°Àº Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù.

¢Ñ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á : °ú°Å»ç½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ë °¡Á¤ °ú°Å·Î Çؼ®
(a) If he had studied, he would have passed the exam.
±×°¡ °øºÎÇß´Ù¸é, ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÇÕ°ÝÇßÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(b) If you had told me, I would have helped you.
³×°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù¸é, ³»°¡ ³Ê¸¦ µµ¿ÔÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(c) If I had had enough money, I could have gone to New York.
³»°¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ µ·À» °¡Á³´Ù¸é, ´º¿å¿¡ °¬À» ÅÙµ¥.

°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å´Â °ú°Å »ç½ÇÀ» ¹Ý´ë·Î Ç¥ÇöÇϸç Çؼ®Àº °ú°Å·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

¢Ñ °¡Á¤¹ý ÇöÀç, ¹Ì·¡
(a) If it rains tomorrow, I will put off the meeting.
³»ÀÏ ºñ°¡ ³»¸®¸é, ³ª´Â ±× ¸ðÀÓÀ» ¿¬±âÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(b) If it should rain tomorrow, I will put off my departure.
Ȥ½Ã¶óµµ ³»ÀÏ ºñ°¡ ³»¸®¸é, ³ª´Â ±× ¸ðÀÓÀ» ¿¬±âÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

(a)´Â ÇöÀ糪 ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ºñ°¡ ¿Ã °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ºñ°¡ ¿Â´Ù¸é ¿¬±âÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ°í, (b)´Â ºñ°¡ ¿Ã °¡´É¼ºÀº ¾øÁö¸¸ ¡®È¤½Ã¶óµµ¡¯ ºñ°¡ ³»¸®¸é À̶ó´Â °¡Á¤ÀÌÁö¸¸ ±âº»ÀÎ Àǹ̴ °°´Ù.

 

2. Ưº°ÇÑ Çü½ÄÀÇ °¡Á¤¹ý

¢Ñ I wish °¡Á¤¹ý :
(a) I wish I were (was) a doctor. ³»°¡ ÀÇ»ç¶ó¸é ÁÁÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(b) I wish I had bought the bag. ³»°¡ ±× °¡¹æÀ» »ò´Ù¸é ÁÁÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(c) If only I was (were) as beautiful as you. ³»°¡ ³Ê¸¸Å­ ¾Æ¸§´ä´Ù¸é ÁÁÀ» ÅÙµ¥.

I wish °¡Á¤¹ýÀº ¾î¶² ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÈÄȸ³ª À¯°¨À» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¸ç °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Í °ú°Å¿Ï·á¸¸ÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ. (a)´Â ÇöÀç Àǻ簡 ¾Æ´Ñ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÈÄȸ³ª À¯°¨ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ°í (b)´Â °ú°Å¿¡ »çÁö ¾ÊÀº °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÈÄȸ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. (c)ÀÇ If only ´Â I wish ¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Àǹ̴ °°´Ù. I wish µÚ¿¡´Â that À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ´ë°³ »ý·«µÈ´Ù.

¢Ñ as if (=as though) °¡Á¤¹ý :
(a) They treat me as if I were (was) their own son.
±×µéÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ³»°¡ ±×µéÀÇ Ä£ ¾ÆµéÀÎ °Íó·³ ´ë¿ìÇÑ´Ù.
(b) She talked to him as if she were a child.
±×³à´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ¸¶Ä¡ ±×³à°¡ ¾ÆÀÌÀÎ °Íó·³ ¸»Çß´Ù.
(c) He speaks as if he had seen the accident.
±×´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ±×°¡ ±× »ç°í¸¦ ºÃ´ø °Íó·³ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

ÁÖ·Î »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î as if µÚ¿¡ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦°¡ ¿À¸é ÁÖÀý°ú °°Àº ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í, °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦°¡ ¾²À̸é ÁÖÀýº¸´Ù Çϳª ÀÌÀüÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.

¢Ñ but for
(a) But for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.
(b) If it were not for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.
žçÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, Áö±¸»ó¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ »ì ¼ö ¾øÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(c) Without your help, I would have failed.

but for + ¸í»ç ¿Í without + ¸í»ç ´Â ¡®-¾ø´Ù¸é, ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷ΠµÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ÁÖÀýÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦¿¡ µû¶ó °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Í °ú°Å¿Ï·á°¡ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. (a)´Â °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å·Î If if were not for - ·Î °íÄ¥¼ö ÀÖ°í, (c)´Â °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å ¿Ï·á·Î If it had not been for - ·Î °íÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¢Ñ IfÀÇ »ý·« :

(a) Were I rich, I would buy the house. : ³»°¡ ºÎÀÚ¶ó¸é, ³ª´Â ±× ÁýÀ» »ì ÅÙµ¥.
(b) Had I known, I would have told you. : ³»°¡ ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù¸é, ³Ê¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇßÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(c) Should anyone call, please take a message. :Ȥ½Ã ´©°¡ ÀüÈ­Çϸé, ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Àû¾î µÎ¼¼¿ä.

°¡Á¤¹ý¿¡¼­ if ´Â »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í if °¡ »ý·«µÉ °æ¿ì ÁÖ¾î, µ¿»ç°¡ µµÄ¡µÈ´Ù. (a)´Â If I were, (b)´Â If I had known, (c)´Â If anyone should call ÀÇ »ý·«µÈ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù.

CH 21. °­Á¶¿Í ºñ±³

1. °­Á¶ ±¸¹®

°­Á¶ ±¸¹® : It is -- that --- =BÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î A ÀÌ´Ù.

(a) Tom broke the window yesterday. ŽÀÌ ±× â¹®À» ¾îÁ¦ ²£´Ù.
(b) It was Tom that broke the window yesterday. â¹®À» ¾îÁ¦ ±ü °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ŽÀ̾ú´Ù.
(c) It was the window that Tom broke yesterday. ŽÀÌ ¾îÁ¦ ±ü °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î â¹®À̾ú´Ù.
(d) It was yesterday that Tom broke the window. ŽÀÌ Ã¢¹®À» ±ü °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ¾îÁ¦¿´´Ù.
(e) Tom did break the window yesterday. ŽÀÌ ¾îÁ¦ â¹®À» Á¤¸»·Î ²£´Ù.

It is A that B ÀÇ ±¸¹®À» »ç¿ëÇؼ­ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» °­Á¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (b)´Â (a)¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î Tom À» °­Á¶ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ°í, (c)´Â ¸ñÀû¾î the window ¸¦ °­Á¶ÇÏ°í, (d)´Â ºÎ»ç yesterday ¸¦ °­Á¶ÇÑ ÇüÅ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °­Á¶±¸¹®À¸·Î µ¿»ç¸¦ °­Á¶ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø°í Á¶µ¿»ç do ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ­ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.

2. ¿ø±ÞÀÇ ¿ë¹ý : µ¿µîºñ±³

(a) I am as strong as he (is strong). ³ª´Â ±×¸¸Å­ ÈûÀÌ ¼¼´Ù.
(b) Honey is as sweet as sugar (is sweet). ²ÜÀº ¼³ÅÁ¸¸Å­ ´Þ´Ù.
(c) He is not as tall as his brother (is tall). ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ Çü¸¸Å­ Å©Áö ¾Ê´Ù.
(d) I am not so strong as he (is strong). ³ª´Â ±×¸¸Å­ °­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

as ¿ø±Þ as - (B ¸¸Å­ A ÇÏ´Ù)´Â µ¿µîºñ±³¶ó°í ÇÏ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ ºÎÁ¤Àº not as ¿ø±Þ as - (B ¸¸Å­ A ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù)·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
(a)´Â I ¿Í he ¸¦ ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§ ±× °á°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ µ¿µîÇÏ°Ô ÈûÀÌ ¼¼´Ù´Â °á°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç µ¿µ¿ºñ±³¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.I am strong. °ú He is strong. À» Çϳª·Î ¿¬°áÇÒ ¶§ ¡®-¸¸Å­¡¯ÀÇ Á¢¼Ó»ç as ¿Í ±× ¾Õ¿¡ ¡®¶È°°ÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÇ as ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. µÚÀÇ is strong Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ´ã°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. (c)¿Í (d)´Â µ¿µîºñ±³ ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î not as ¿ø±Þ as ´ë½Å¿¡ not so ¿ø±Þ as ·Î ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

3. ºñ±³±ÞÀÇ ¿ë¹ý

(a) She is more diligent than he (is diligent). ±×³à´Â ±× º¸´Ù ´õ ºÎÁö·±ÇÏ´Ù.
(b) I am stronger than Tom (is strong). ³ª´Â Žº¸´Ù ´õ °­ÇÏ´Ù.
(c) Tom is less strong than I (am strong). ŽÀº ³ªº¸´Ù ´ú °­ÇÏ´Ù.
(d) Tom is not so strong as I (am strong). ŽÀº ³ª¸¸Å­ °­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

(a)´Â She is diligent. ¿Í He is diligent. ¸¦ ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¡®±×³à°¡ ´õ ºÎÁö·±ÇÏ´Ù¡¯´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Á¢¼Ó»ç than (-º¸´Ù)À¸·Î µÎ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¿¬°áÇß°í, ±× ¾Õ¿¡ more diligent ¸¦ ½á¼­ ºñ±³±ÞÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. (b)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ ÂÊÀ» ¾Õ¿¡ ½èÀ» ¶§ ¡®¿ìµîºñ±³,¡¯ (c)¿Í °°ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ÂÊÀ» ¾Õ¿¡ ½èÀ» ¶§´Â ¡®¿­µîºñ±³¡¯¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. (b),(c),(d)´Â ¸ðµÎ °°Àº Àǹ̴Ù.

4. the+ ºñ±³±Þ -, the+ ºñ±³±Þ -

(a) The higher we go up, the colder it becomes.
´õ ³ôÀ̿츮°¡ ¿Ã¶ó °¥¼ö·Ï, ³¯¾¾°¡ ´õ Ãß¿öÁø´Ù.
(b) The harder you study, the more you will learn.
´õ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ °øºÎ ÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ¿ì¸®´Â ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹è¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

the ºñ±³±Þ s+v, the ºñ±³±Þ s+v ±¸¹®Àº ¡®-Çϸé ÇÒ ¼ö·Ï, ´õ -ÇÏ´Ù¡¯·Î Çؼ®ÇÏ°í Áö¹® ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÌ ±¸¹®ÀÌ ¾²ÀÏ ¶§´Â ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ °­Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²ÀδÙ.
(a)´Â we go up higher, it becomes colder. (¿ì¸®´Â ´õ ³ôÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°£´Ù. ³¯¾¾°¡ ´õ Ãß¿öÁø´Ù.)¶ó´Â ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ higher ¿Í colder ¸¦ °­Á¶ÇÏ·Á°í ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¿Å±â°í the¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ­ °­Á¶µÈ ¹®ÀåÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. (b)´Â As you study harder, you will learn more. (¿ì¸®°¡ ´õ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó, ¿ì¸®´Â ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹è¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)¸¦ °­Á¶Çϴ ǥÇöÀÌ´Ù.

5. ºñ±³±Þ °­Á¶

(a) She is much taller than you. ±×³à´Â ³Ê º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ Å©´Ù.
(b) It's a lot hotter today than yesterday. ¿À´ÃÀº ¾îÁ¦ º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ´þ´Ù.
(c) Because she was afraid, she walked faster and faster.
±×³à°¡ µÎ·Á¿ü±â¿¡, ±×³à´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ »¡¸® °É¾ú´Ù.

ºñ±³±Þ ¾Õ¿¡ much, even, still, far, a lot À» ½á¼­ ¡®ÈξÀ ´õ¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̷Πºñ±³±ÞÀ» °­Á¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, (c)¿Í °°ÀÌ ºñ±³±ÞÀ» ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ ¡®Á¡Á¡ ´õ¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

6. ÃÖ»ó±ÞÀÇ Ç¥Çö

(a) She is the youngest girl in the class. ±×³à´Â ±× ¹Ý¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¾î¸° ¼Ò³à´Ù.
(b) She is the youngest girl of all. ±×³à´Â Àüü¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¾î¸° ¼Ò³à´Ù.
(c) Today is the hottest day of the year. ¿À´ÃÀº ¿ÃÇØ °¡Àå ´õ¿î ³¯ÀÌ´Ù.

¿©·µÀ» ºñ±³Çؼ­ °¡Àå ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¶§ the -est (°¡Àå -ÇÑ)ÀÇ ÃÖ»ó±ÞÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ºñ±³´ë»óÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§ Áö¿ª, Àå¼Ò¿¡´Â ÀüÄ¡»ç in À» ¾²°í, ¸·¿¬È÷ ¸ðµÎ Àüü¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â of all ·Î ¾²´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£, ½Ã°£¿¡´Â (c)¿Í °°ÀÌ of ¸¦ ¾´´Ù.

7. one of the ÃÖ»ó±Þ + º¹¼ö¸í»ç

(a) Seoul is one of the biggest cities in the world.
¼­¿ïÀº ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« µµ½Ã Áß Çϳª´Ù.
(b) He is one of the most famous scientists in Korea.
±×´Â Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚ Áß Çϳª´Ù.

one of the ÃÖ»ó±Þ + º¹¼ö¸í»ç ´Â ¡®°¡Àå -ÇÑ °Í Áß¿¡ Çϳª¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̷Πº¹¼ö¸í»ç¸¦ ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¹ý»ó ÆÇ´ÜÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ´Ù.

 

 

¡ß 1Çü½Ä ¹®Àå : ¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç¡¹

¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç¡¹ÀÇ 1Çü½Ä¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ µ¿»ç´Â ¿ÏÀüÀÚµ¿»ç·Î¼­ ¸ñÀû¾î³ª º¸¾î´Â ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

(a) He runs/ very fast. ±×´Â ´Þ¸°´Ù/ ¾ÆÁÖ »¡¸® ´Þ¸°´Ù.
(b) Long time ago,/ a pretty girl lived/ near the lake.¿À·¡ Àü¿¡/ ¿¹»Û ¼Ò³à°¡ »ì¾Ò´Ù/ È£¼ö ±Ùó¿¡

¡ß 2Çü½Ä ¹®Àå : ¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç+º¸¾î¡¹

¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç+º¸¾î¡¹ÀÇ 2Çü½Ä¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ µ¿»ç´Â ºÒ¿ÏÀüÀÚµ¿»ç·Î¼­ Á־ ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ´Â º¸¾î¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. º¸¾î·Î´Â ¸í»ç³ª Çü¿ë»ç, ¶Ç´Â Çü¿ë»ç ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¾î±¸°¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

(a) My father is / an engineer. ³ªÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â -ÀÌ´Ù/ ¿£Áö´Ï¾îÀÌ´Ù.
(b) She is / pretty. ±×³à´Â -ÀÌ´Ù/ ¿¹»Ú´Ù.
(c) This food tastes/ good. ÀÌ À½½ÄÀº ¸ÀÀÌ ³­´Ù/ ÁÁÀº ¸ÀÀÌ ³­´Ù(¸ÀÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù).

¡ß 3Çü½Ä ¹®Àå : ¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç+¸ñÀû¾î¡¹

¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç+¸ñÀû¾î¡¹ÀÇ 3Çü½Ä¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ µ¿»ç´Â ¿ÏÀüŸµ¿»ç·Î¼­ µ¿ÀÛÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ´Â ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÚµû¸£°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸ñÀû¾î·Î´Â ¸í»ç³ª ´ë¸í»ç, ¶Ç´Â ¸í»ç »ó´ç¾î±¸°¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.

(a) Jack studies/ chemistry. ÀèÀº °øºÎÇÑ´Ù/ È­ÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇÑ´Ù.
(b) Children like/ him. ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù/ ±×¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù.

¡ß 4Çü½Ä ¹®Àå : ¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç+°£Á¢¸ñÀû¾î+Á÷Á¢¸ñÀû¾î¡¹

¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç+°£Á¢¸ñÀû¾î+Á÷Á¢¸ñÀû¾î¡¹ÀÇ 4Çü½Ä¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ µ¿»ç´Â ¼ö¿©µ¿»ç¶ó Çϴµ¥, ¼ö¿© µ¿»ç µÚ¿¡´Â ¡¸~¿¡°Ô¡¹¶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â °£Á¢¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¿À°í, ±× µÚ¿¡ ¡¸~À»(¸¦)¡¹À̶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â Á÷Á¢¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÚµû¸£°Ô µÈ´Ù.

(a) He gave/ her/ the picture. ±×´Â ÁÖ¾ú´Ù/ ±×³à¿¡°Ô/ ±× »çÁøÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
(b) I'll buy/ her/ this new bag. ³ª´Â »ì °ÍÀÌ´Ù/ ±×³à¿¡°Ô/ ÀÌ »õ °¡¹æÀ» »ç ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡ß 5Çü½Ä ¹®Àå :¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç+¸ñÀû¾î+¸ñÀûº¸¾î¡¹

¡¸ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç+¸ñÀû¾î+¸ñÀûº¸¾î¡¹ÀÇ 5Çü½Ä¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ µ¿»ç´Â ºÒ¿ÏÀüŸµ¿»ç¶ó Çϴµ¥, ºÒ¿ÏÀüŸµ¿»ç´Â µÚ¿¡ ¸ñÀû¾î¿Í ±× ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀûº¸¾î¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.¸ñÀûº¸¾î·Î´Â ¸í»ç³ª Çü¿ë»ç, ¶Ç´Â ¸í»ç³ª Çü¿ë»ç ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¾î±¸°¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

(a) Everyone calls/ him/ Dr. Kim. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ºÎ¸¥´Ù./ ±×¸¦/ ´ÚÅÍ ±èÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù.
(b) He made/ me/ a doctor. ±×´Â ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù/ ³ª¸¦/ ÀÇ»ç·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
(a) I found/ the book/ easy. ³ª´Â ã¾Ò´Ù/ ±× Ã¥ÀÌ/ ½±´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù.